寫作是對學生運用英語的綜合能力的考查，是最能體現學生英語水平的一種檢測方式。學生在寫作的過程當中經常暴露一些弱點、犯一些錯誤。現對學生作文中的常見錯誤進行簡要歸納，粗分類別，并舉以實例。 （一）名詞 寫作中，學生們常把握不好名詞的數、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。 1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday. 句中的a要去掉，因為advice是不可數名詞。一些漢語概念為可數的詞在英語中卻是不可數的，表示數量時在其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。 2. That girl loves reading book. 可數名詞單數不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或將其變為復數。此處最好變為books. 3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary. 一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop. 4. My family is watching TV. 一些集合名詞如看成一個整體，則用單數的謂語動詞，如My family is a happy one; 如強調集合中每個個體的個人行為，則用復數的謂語動詞。此處看電視是個體行為，應把is改為are。類似的詞有：team, class, audience等。 5．I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket. 中學階段以“o”結尾的名詞中有四個詞變復數時要加es，它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s變為復數。 6．This has nothing to do with their believes.（這和他們的信仰沒關系。） 以f, fe 結尾的詞變為復數時一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變為復數。所以應把believes改為beliefs. （二）冠詞 7．The boss wants to hire an useful person. 用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個音標，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。 useful的第一個音是輔音所以應把an改為a。類似的，我們說a European country. 8．Plane is a machine that can fly. Plane為可數名詞單數，不能單獨放在句中，應在其前加冠詞或把它變為復數，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，變為A plane。 9．He played a piano at the party yesterday. 把a 改為the ，因為樂器前用定冠詞。 10．The machine was invented in 1920s. 在in后加the，因為表示年代用in加the再加幾十的復數，如在八十年代in the 80s。 11．Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day. 去掉the，因為表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。 （三）代詞 使用代詞時請注意其單、復數，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。 12．He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear. 定語從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復數，因此從句中的指示代詞應為復數，應把his改為their。 13． Whom do you think has left the lights on？ 放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們去掉后，疑問詞在句中做主語用主格，做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語，應把Whom改為Who。 14．The boss pretended not to see John and I. John和I在句中都做的賓語，應把I 改為me。 15．These books are mine; those in the bag are her. Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。 （四）數詞 16．There are fourteen hundreds students in our school. Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數字時后不加s，前面沒有具體數字時在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students（兩百個學生），hundreds of students（成百上千個學生）。例句中應把hundreds 改為hundred。 17．Their school is twice as larger as our school. 表倍數關系的as---as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級。因此把larger改為large. 18．Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition. 幾個單詞由連字符連接而組成的復合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word. 19．Two third of the students in our school are from America. 英語表達中分數的分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞，分子大于一時分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds. （五）形容詞和副詞 形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級也是應注意的重點。 20．The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor. appear在此是個系動詞，其后應接形容詞作表語。所以把nervously改為nervous. 21．The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time. 此句需要一個副詞來修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把 hardly 改為hard. 22．This shirt is more cheaper than that one. More只構成比較級，而不能修飾比較級。因此把more去掉。 23．He is the most successful of the two businessmen. 兩者相比較時，比較級前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more. 24．He works less harder than he used to. 表不如… 時用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級，因此把harder改為hard. 25．The book is fairly more interesting than that one. fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，可以修飾比較級的副詞或短語有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改為rather. 26．This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine. as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應改為as interesting a story as the one. 27．The weather here is nicer than Xizang. 同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang. 29．I would rather take a train than went by bus. 這個詞組為would rather do … than do …，因此把went改為go. 30．Is there interesting anything at the meeting? 修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。 31．I never have seen such a person before. 像never之類的副詞在句中應放在be動詞、助動詞之后，實意動詞之前。因為應改為I have never seen such a person before. 32．The book is worth to be read. be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading. 33．It is sure that he will succeed. sure 的主語只能為人，而certain的主語可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain. 34．He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present. alive 為表語形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語。因此把alive改為living，或把alive 放在writers后面。 35．I don’t know that he has finished the work yet. yet 用于否定和疑問句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already. 36．He said nearly nothing at the meeting. nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost. （六）介詞 37．He usually goes to school by his father’s car. by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in. 38．Please wait me at the school gate. wait為不及物動詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語。 39．He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years. marry不跟 with連用，應把with改為to。 40．I finished the work on time under the help of him. “在…的幫助下”用with而不用under。 （七）情態動詞 41．He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on. 表特別有把握的肯定判斷時用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時用can, can表判斷時只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。 42．He need come here before the meeting begins. 作情態動詞時need用在否定，疑問和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實意動詞時則可以。所以應改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins. 43．He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so. used to 用來表示過去常常做某事而現在不了，所以應把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so. 44．I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished. 由于情態動詞本身不體現時態，所以在談論過去的事情時在情態動詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。 45．You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow. had better 的否定在 better 后面加not. （八）動詞的時態 英語的常用時態有十六種，一般根據上下文和時間狀語來確定時態。 46．I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow. 主句為將來時，其時間、條件、方式和讓步狀語從句中用一般現在時。因此將will come改為comes。 47．The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes. be about to 一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。 48．The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died. 此處look并非伴隨狀語，而是三個并列的謂語動詞，因此把looking 改為looked。 49．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now. 當句中有for加一段時間作狀語時，謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞，此處把bought改為kept。 50．I haven’t learnt any English before I came here. 我來這兒已經是過去的動作，在此之前發生的事應該用過去完成時。因此應把haven’t改為hadn’t （九）動詞的語態 及物動詞用在主動語態時要有賓語，因此可以變為被動語態；不及物動詞用于主動語態時不能接賓語，因此無被動語態。 51．The two thieves have been disappeared. disappear 為不及物動詞，因此不能用于被動語態。所以把 been去掉。 52．The building built now will be our teaching building. 表“現在正在建的”應用被動語態的正在進行時，因此在built 前加being。 53．He is being operated by the famous doctor. 主動語態變為被動語態時，應注意短語動詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給…做手術”應為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。 54．I wonder if the doctor has been sent. 原因同上，應在sent 后加上for。 55．The book written by him is sold well. 說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動語態。本句應改為：The book written by him sells well. 56．This history book is worthy reading. “值得被做”可以有如下幾種說法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應該為：This history book is worthy to be read. （十）非謂語動詞 57．We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting. 此處為分詞作定語，問題應該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。 58．The girl dressed herself in red is my sister. dress為及物動詞，意為“給…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語修飾girl, girl應是它的邏輯賓語，因此把herself去掉。 59．Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital. 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語為這句話的主語，此句應為“因為他病了，他的同學才把他送到醫院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill. 60．Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her. 現在分詞的否定應把not放在現在分詞前面，所以前半句應改為：Not having seen her for many years. 61．Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball. 分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是這句話的主語，此句中地球應該被看，所以把Seeing 改為Seen。 62．English is easy to learn it. 此句中是不定式作狀語修飾easy, English應該是learn的邏輯賓語，所以把it去掉。 63．I will get somebody repair the recorder for you. “讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。 64．She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others. 不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others. 65．It’s better to laugh than crying. 表比較時比較的雙方應為同種結構，或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying. 66．It’s no use to send for the doctor. 做某事是沒用的要說成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改為sending。 67．She practices to play the piano after school every day. practise 后只跟動名詞作賓語，因此把to play 改為playing。 68．When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher. stop doing 為停止做這件事，而stop to do 為停下來正在做的事去做這件事。所以后半句應該為：he stopped to listen to the teacher. （十一）名詞性從句 69．We are talking about if this plan should be carried out. If 和whether都可以引導動詞的賓語從句，如果從句做的是介詞賓語，只能用whether引導。所以把if 改為whether。 70．I can not decide if to stay or not. 只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改為whether。 71．My suggestion is we try for a second time. 表語從句的引導詞如為that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。 72．What will the professor say is not known yet. 名詞性從句的語序都是陳述句語序。因此應改為：What the professor will say is not known yet. （十二）狀語從句 73．I will go unless he invites me. 此句意為“除非他邀請我，否則我不去。”而unless相當于if not, 所以本句應改成：I won’t go unless he invites me。 74．Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others. although 和but 不能同時用在一句話中，去掉任何一個都可以。 75．I won’t stay until he comes back. 含有not…until的句子的謂語動詞應是點動詞，含有until的肯定句的動詞應是延續性動詞，此句有兩種改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won’t leave until he comes back. （十三）定語從句 76．An orphan is a child who’s parents are dead. 定語從句中表“…的”引導詞只有whose，所以把who’s 改為whose。 77．This is the very thing which I lost yesterday. 如果先行詞為物且前有the only, the last, the very修飾時，定語從句的引導詞只能用that。 78．This is the car for that I paid a high price. 定語從句的先行詞為物，而且引導詞放在介詞后時，只能用which. 79．She is one of the students who has passed the exam. 定語從句修飾one of 加上復數名詞時，復數名詞是定語從句的先行詞，因此把 has 改為have。 80．This is the place where we visited last year. 定語從句的先行詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞要看定語從句中缺不缺主語或賓語，如缺用關系代詞，如不缺用關系副詞。此句中visit為及物動詞，后無賓語，因此把where 改為which或that。 81．I, who is your friend, can understand you. 定語從句的謂語動詞應與其先行詞保持一致，因此把is 改為am。 82．China is a developing country, that is known to all. 非限定性定語從句的引導詞永遠不會是that，因此把that 改為which 或as。 （十四）主謂一致 83．The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting. poet和writer共用一個冠詞，指的是一個人身兼二職，所以謂語動詞應為單數。把are改為is. 84．No one except my parents know it. 主語后加except再加上若干數量的名詞，謂語動詞和主語保持一致。所以把know改為knows。類似的用法的詞或短語有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。 85．Your clothes is on the table over there. clothes為復數句詞，謂語動詞應為復數。把is改為are。 86．The number of the students in that school are about one thousand. 此名的主語為number而不是students。因此把are 改為is。 87．The class was watching TV when I entered the room. class作主語時，把它看成一個整體時謂語動詞用單數，看成每一個成員的個體行為時謂語動詞用復數。一般來說，一些具體行為如看電視、吃飯、洗澡等都屬于每一個成員的個體行為。此處把was改為were。 88．The population of our country are increasing slowly now. population 單獨作主語謂語動詞經常用單數；如果其前有分數或百分數，而且后面又有復數名詞時謂語動詞用復數。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此處把are改為is。 （十五）倒裝 89．No sooner he had reached the station than the train left. no sooner 為否定副詞，放于句首時句子要部分倒裝，因此此句應改為：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left. 90．Here comes he. here 放于句首時，句子主謂要完全倒裝，但句子主語為代詞時，則主謂不倒裝。此句應改為：Here he comes. 91．A child as he is, he can speak five languages. 用as引導讓步狀語從句，可把形容詞、副詞和不帶冠詞的名詞放于as前。所以前半句改為：Child as he is... （十六）虛擬語氣 92．She would have come if we invited her. 這是與過去事實相反的虛擬假設，從句應該用過去完成時。所以在 we 后加 had. 93．My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them. suggestion 的表語從句也應用虛擬語氣，必須用should加動詞原形，should可以省略。此處去掉would 或把would 改為should。 94．The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now. wish 后的時態應該把真實時態往后推一個時態，所以把has改為had。 95．It’s time that we go to bed. 句式為It’s time sb did sth 所以把 go 改為 went。 96．I would rather you have another try tomorrow. 詞組為would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改為had。 （十七）there be句式 97．There are a bag and several books on the table. There be 句式遵循謂語動詞就近原則，a bag為單數，所以把are改為is。 98．There were several people stood at the back of the room. There be句式的謂語動詞為be動詞，句中其他的動詞應為非謂語動詞。所以把stood改為standing. （十八）修飾語在句中的位置不當 99．We almost have written twenty compositions this term. 像almost這樣副詞在句中放在助動詞be動詞之后，實意動詞之前。因此把almost放在have后面。 100．The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains. 定語從句應緊跟先行詞，所以改為：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.
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