1、句子結構知識掌握不牢，容易受英漢表達思維差異的影響。如, 寫作中通常出現類似這樣的句子：There were a lot of students took part in the tree planting activity. We are very glad that our teacher is going to teach us swim.
2、 慣用句型識別不清，如：It cost me. 很多考生審題不能將漢語提示和英語部分結合考慮, 也沒有考慮到cost的主語不能是人，其過去時和過去分詞均為cost, 所以才出現I cost, I costed等錯誤。慣用句型是完成句子的熱點之一，考生學習中要注意分析和掌握常用句型。3、復合賓語結構混淆，特別是使役動詞have、make, let, leave等； 此外還有感官動詞see, watch, notice…+ sb / sth + do /doing的用法和區別都是高考完成句子的重中之重。
The news ___________________________(房價將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower price.（fall）
This is the only one of the regions __________(遭受攻擊)by the earthquake last year.(attack)
2． Already、just、yet、never、lately、recently、in/during/over+ the last/past+時間、since 、up to now、so far、for+一段時間、in recent years等表示現在完成時的時間狀語；by+過去時間、by the time+過去時間、before+過去時間、by the end of +過去時間等表示過去完成時的時間狀語；by+將來時間表示將來完成時的句子。
We Chinese do take pride in ______________(我們取得的成就)in the last ten years.(achieve)
Mother wanted to be a good provider ,a role _______________________(她一直肩負著)since her marriage to father.(shoulder)
By the time the police conclude the investigation, the truth of the murder ______________________(會水落石出)（light）
______________________________（有巨大的增長）in the number of tele-workers in recent years and by 2100 it will have risen to 85%.(growth)
3．經�？疾楝F在進行時的被動語態 現在進行時表示一種贊揚或評的感情色彩，現在進行時表示將來時用于一些位移發生改變的詞語；經常考查過去進行時以及被動語態；將來進行時表示在將來的某個時刻正要發生的動作，如at this time tomorrow、this time next week。
Has Li Lei finished his work?
I have no idea, but he ___________________(做實驗)when I saw him this morning.(conduct)
This time tomorrow，we_________(在聽)a lecture by a visiting professor from aboard.(listen)
4.For+一段時間若表示的在過去發生的動作，和現在沒有聯系時只能用過去時。
You speak good French！
Thanks. I_____________(學過法語)in Sichuan University for four years.(study)
5. 時間、條件狀語從句中通常用現在時表示將來時；祈使句加and、or再加上將來時的句子。
If the building project to be completed by the end of this month ____________(推遲)，the construction company will be fined.(delay)
___________(產生問題)if you don’t know enough about the mountain you are climbing.(arise)
6.主動形式表示被動意義
系動詞look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、appear、go、prove、turn（顏色、數字、零冠詞的名詞）+形容詞或者名詞；表示主語的某種屬性的詞:read、write、act、cut、draw、drive、sell、wash、clean、wear/open、cook、lock、shut等。The door won’t lock. This coat dries easily. The plan worked out wonderfully. The engine won’t start. The pen writes smoothly.
A product__________________________(會更暢銷)if promoted with a slogan.
答案：that house price will fall down; that was attacked; what we have achieved; she has been shouldering; will have come to light; there has been a huge growth; was conducting an experiment; will be listening to ; studied; is delayed; Problems will arise; will sell better.
With many books ________________(出版)，he became more and more famous.(come)
With_____________________________(如此多的工作充斥著)my mind，I am stressed out.(fill)
Lucy was much annoyed to find the computer ________________________(她讓人修理了)several times broke down again when she returned to her office and got down to her work.(repair)
Keeping the mind _______________________(充滿著任務) - no matter how meaningless - staves off （避開）negative emotions, the study found.(occupy)
5．當我們確定是非謂語作定語時，必須判斷動詞和所修飾的名詞的關系（若是動賓關系，過去分詞表被動或者完成，being done表示正在被做，to be done表示將要被做）。
I’m not sure if I can attend the wedding ceremony ____________________(舉行)at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.(hold)
There were many talented actors out there just ______________________(等待被發現)（discover）
Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one __________________ (首先要修的)is the library.(repair)
Play ,often ____________________(視為一種活動)for younger children，is still important in the social development of teenagers.(see)
I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems________________________ (剩下要解決)（remain）
Teleworking means people save time previously ______________________________-(花在旅行上班)and allows them to be more flexible in working hours.(spend)
6.have sth done=get sth done表示讓某事由被人去做
have sth done還可以表示主語遭受了某種情況
have sb/sth doing表示讓某人、某物持續地做某事
get sb/sth doing表示使某人、物開始行動起來
have sb do =get sb to do表示讓某人去做某事
have sth to do 主語有事需要自己做
have sth to be done 主語有事需要別人來完成
答案：absorbed in a book；having struggled； comparing different cultures； Not having fully recovered； Being laid off； Being exposed to；resisting；coming out； so much work filling；she had had repaired； occupied with tasks； to be held； waiting to be discovered； to be repaired first； seen as an activity； remaining to be settled； spent travelling to work.
News came from the school office _________________(他已被錄取)Beijing university.(admit)
She is very dear to us .We have been prepared to do ______________________ (不惜一切代價)to save her life.(take)
_______________________(他說了)something improper at the meeting surprised all of us.(say)
2.if只能引導賓語從句whether和可以引導主語、表語、同位語從句。
The patient’s son asked the doctor the question _______________________(他的父親是否會幸免)the big operation.(survive)
3.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
After the Philippines hostage-taking incident ,the Chinese government demanded that the problems referred to __________________________(特別注意)（pay）
The order came that the medical supplies ____________________________(送往)Yunnan for the victims there.(send)
4.It doesn’t matter to sb +how/whether……或者It makes no difference to sb +how/whether……結構中的主語從句不能提到句首。
5.名詞性從句的分隔現象
Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________________ (他不得不)meet his uncle at the airport.(have)
答案：that he had been admitted to； whatever it takes; That he said; whether his father would survive; should be paid special attention to ; should be sent to; that he had to .
Mike ______________________(肯定不在打掃)the classroom now. I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.（clean）
I can’t imagine _______________________(竟然短缺)of water in Yunlan ，the southwest of China where there used to be adequate rain.(shortage)
This kind of kite made of silk _____________ (不容易撕破), so don’t worry about it.(tear)
2.對過去的動作進行推測用情態動詞+have done 的形式; 對過去正在進行的動作進行推測用情態動詞+have been doing的形式；對現在正在進行的動作推測用情態動詞+be doing的形式。
3.含must 的反意疑問句，當must表示推測時不能用must引導反意疑問句。對現在的動作進行推測則用表示現在時的助動詞來引導；當句中有must have done 的形式且后面又有表示過去的時間狀語，此時用表示過去時的助動詞來引導；當句中有must have done 的形式且后面沒有表示過去的時間狀語，此時用have、has 來引導。
You must have watched that football match last night,________________？(不是嗎)（you）
He can speak Spanish very fluently .He must have learned the language before,____________(不是嗎)？（he）
Do you feel like dining out for a change or would you rather we two __________(吃晚飯)at home？（have）
7.含蓄條件句 without, with, but for, otherwise等。
---Why didn’t you tell him the possible danger ？
---But__________________________(我能做什么)otherwise？He never listens to me.(do)
Last Friday’s charity pop concert was a great success as a whole .Actually we _________________________ (會滿意)with half of the money collected.(satisfied)
It was vital to choose exactly the right place to cut or the diamond________(本來可能成為碎片)（break into）
8.主從句時態不一致
——The weather has been very hot and dry.
——Yes. If it had rained even a drop ，things ______________________ (就會更好)now！My vegetables wouldn’t have died.(be)
答案：can’t be cleaning； there should be a shortage；won’t tear easily；didn’t you； hasn’t he； strict measures should be taken； had concentrated more on； no effective measures were taken； had dinner； what could I have done； would have been satisfied； could have broken into pieces; would be better.
She is the only one of the girls in our class______________________(通過了)the interview.(pass)
My mother was so proud of all __________________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
Occasions are quite rare ____________________(我有時間) to spend a day with my kids.(time)
Mr Green stood up in the defense of 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one __________________(該責備)（blame）
3.關系詞as引導的定語從句常用在句首用逗號隔開；也用在such+名詞+as…..和the same +名詞+as……的句型中作主語、賓語、表語。
As a teacher ,I never give my students so difficult a problem ___________(他們不會做的).(do)
As__________________________(我談過的)many times on the subjects，at some point you need a reliable partner to do this job.(talk)
It’s likely that such a question, if it can be called a question, _______________________ （你提的）, can’t be answered by any human beings．（raise）
答案：whom she could turn； whose roof/the roof of which is being repaired; which flows a small river; to which we haven’t found; none of whom failed; who has passed; I had done; when I have time; who was to blame; as they can’t do ; I have talked about ; as you raise.
VI.倒裝(NMET2011湖北卷71題)
1.表語位于句首其倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”
_______________________(出席會議的)some scientists from China.(present)
2.否定詞位于句首never、not、hardly、little、seldom、rarely、at no time、in no case、by no means、on no condition等。
The customers were so angry that they demanded that in no case ____________________(公司推遲)the goods ordered three months ago.(delay)
why can’t we smoke here？
At no time ______________________(允許吸煙)in the meeting room.(permit)
Don’t be rude to your father .Never in his life _______________________(對他說話)in that way up to now.(speak)
Little ___________________________(媽媽禁止我)to do whatever I like except when I play computer games long.(forbid)
So difficult ________________________(我發現)to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(find)
5.表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時句子完全倒裝。
On the table _______________________(有一只舊信封)，which contains many photos.(lie)
答案：Present at the meeting were； should company delay； is smoking permitted； has he been spoken to； does mother forbid me；so would you； have I heard from her； did I find it ； lies an old envelope.
VII、 形容詞、副詞等級和倍數
1.as+形容詞+a（an）+名詞+as 表示同級比較，注意形容詞和名詞的位置。
It’s generally believed that teaching is ???????????????????????______(同樣是一門藝術) as it is a science.（much）
Believe it or not，swimming is ___________________________(像……一樣好的方式)as any to lose unwanted weight.(way)
2.表示“兩者中較……的”用the+比較級
There are two tables in the room ,__________(其中較大的一個作為)the dining table(serve as)
3.“越……就……越……”用the+比較級……the+比較級
The more careful you are，____________________________（你犯的錯誤會越少）（make）
The more carefully you prepare，___________________________（你花的時間越少）（take）
The more ways you have of looking at a problem，___________________________（越有可能）that we can find solutions.(likely)
4.否定式謂語加比較級有最高級的含義
——Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting？
Your proposal is ________________________than his.(同他的一樣沒有道理)（reasonable）
The X-games are ________________________(較不為我們熟悉) than sports like football and basketball.(familiar)
6.比較級+than+ any other +單數名詞 表示比任何別的都……（把自己要除外）
7.倍數+as +many+可數名詞+as或者倍數+as +much+不可數名詞+as
If the student had spent ____________________________________(一半的時間在學習上)as he did in copying ，he would have passed it.(time)
8.A is+倍數+what引導的名詞性短語 A is +倍數+that+of +B
The output of this year is __________________________(三倍)2008(times)
Our total income of 2010 was ____________________(三倍)in 2000.（what）
9.倍數+比較級+than+ that 或者 倍數+as+形容詞/副詞+as+that that代替上文出現的名詞
Ten years ago the village’s population was __________________________ (是他們村莊的兩倍)（large）
10.倍數+the +length/width/height/weight/size+of
答案：as much an art； as good a way； the large of which serves as；the fewer mistakes you will make； the less time it will take you； the more likely it is ； couldn’t have been worse；no more reasonable；less familiar to us；half as much time studying；three times that of；three times what it was；twice as large as that of their village；twice large than that of their village.
VIII．it的用法 (NMET2011湖北卷77 、78題)
1.it作形式主語或者形式賓語時，真正的主語或者賓語可以由不定式或者從句充當。
Five hours is __________________(所需要的時間)for you to travel from BJ to Shanghai.(take)
He ____________________(沒有弄清楚)when and where the meeting would be held.(make……clear)
This organization ________________________(已經使之成為一項制度)that all motorcycle helmets must be checked before use.(make)
It’s already 11:00. I wonder _________________________（怎么回事）that she was two hours later on such a short trip.(come)
We don’t consider _________________________(他們有必要)to buy a new flat since they have such a nice one to live in it.(necessary)
It was at the church ______(我領你參觀的) last weekend that the accident took place. (show)
----Where was the wedding ceremony held?
----It was in the church ___________________(我們見面)for the first time.
It was the computer which broke down half way _____________________(該責備)for the loss of all my files.(blame)
I still wonder _________________(是什么)let him down badly. Shall we go and comfort him?(it)
Was it midnight________________________(火災發生時)（break）
3、it表示時間的句型
It will（not） be +一段時間（long）+before+現在時句子表示要過或者過不了多久
It was （not）+一段時間（long）+before+過去時的句子表示過了或者沒有過多久
It is/has been +一段時間+since+過去時的句子 瞬間的動作表示自從做某事已經有多久了；若是持續性的動作則表示動作已經結束了。
It’s the first time+現在完成時的句子 It was the first time+過去完成時的句子
4、It……that……和sb/sth ……to……的句型的轉換
It’s reported that……= sb/sth be reported to……（若表過去的動作用have done的形式） believe/likely/seem/known/happen等用法同上
Studies show that ___________________(人們更有可能)suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(likely)
The mudslide is reported ____________(已奪去)more than 1,400 lives in Zhouqu County.(claim)
Your sister is said _______________________________(粗暴對待)in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.(treat)
5、固定句型
I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.
I can’t help it if he is always late.
I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.
Please come whenever ___________________(你方便的時候).（convenient）
答案：what it takes；didn’t make it clear；has made it a rule；how it came about；it necessary for them；（which） I showed you around；where we met； that was to blame； what it was that；when the fire broke out；people are more likely to； to have claimed ；to have been badly treated；it is convenient to you.
IX.狀語從句 (NMET2011湖北卷79題)
1.地點狀語相當于一個表示地點的介詞短語
According to their memory，the couple finally arrive___________________(他們偶遇的地方)each other for the first time.(come)
This photo was taken _____________________（坐落在那里）the famous Eastern Bright Pearl in shanghai.(stand)
2.特殊的時間狀語連詞the moment/minute/instant/On doing sth /on one’s +名詞表示一……就the first time/the last time/the next time /each time等。
_____________________(每次他踢足球)，David Beckham is watched by thousand of fans all over the world.(time)
3.As/though引導的讓步狀語需要用倒裝如：hard as you may try/wait as you may/child as he is .No matter 或者----ever也可以引導讓步狀語從句。
________________________________(無論多么嚴重的問題)you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.(serious)
______________________________(不論天氣如何)tomorrow，our ship will set sail for Macao.(whatever)
4.before引導的時間狀語表示“還未……就……;趁……”
Time flew and _____________________(不知不覺)，it was time for me to go home.(know)
5.結合非謂語動詞，考查狀語從句的省略。
All the dishes in the menu ,_____(除非明示)otherwise，will serve two to three people.(state)
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __________________ (有規律地進行)，can improve the health.(carry)
Though _________________(看見我們很驚訝)，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(surprise)
If not ___________(工作勞累)，I will spend some time locked in my study every evening.(tired)
答案：where they came across；where stood；Each time he plays football；whatever a serious problem/However serious a problem; whatever the weather is like; before we knew it ; unless stated; carried out regularly; surmised to see us ; tired from work.
X．主謂一致
1. 定語從句中，當關系詞在從句中作主語時，要注意主謂一致。
2. 強調句型中，當強調主語時，that后面的謂語要和被強調的主語一致。
3. a large quantity of 和large quantities of 加可數或者不可數名詞時，謂語動詞的單復數和quantity保持一致。A large amount of 和large amounts of 加不可數名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數和amount一致。
4. many a/more than one +單數名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數；no/each/every+單數名詞+and+no/each/every+單數名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數。
