詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．He searched in his drawer and at last____________(挑選)the best one for me.
2．A successful businessman usually has ____________(經(jīng)歷)many ups and downs in his life.
3．My brother has a great interest in ____________(文學(xué))and history.
4. ____________(尊重)others is the most important thing in making friends.
5．The girl’s ____________(文章)has already been published in a famous magazine.
6．I ____________ of your trying to earn more money，but please don’t neglect your studies.
7．He hopes to ____________ all his aims by the end of this year.
8．He was paid more money because he did ____________ hours of work last week.
9．The poor mom cried ____________ she heard that her son was seriously injured in the traffic accident.
10．With the financial help of some kind people，the girl was able to ____________ her schooling.
11．Business training is a good ____________(prepare)for many careers.
12．Anne lived in ____________ during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the ____________ Nazis.(German)
1.selected 2.experienced 3.literature 4.Respecting 5.article 6.approve 7.achieve 8.extra 9.immediately 10.continue 11.preparation 12.Germany；German
短語匯集
1．____________________對……感到滿意
2．____________________ 首先
3．____________________ 可用于；對……有用
4．____________________ 培養(yǎng)……的興趣
5．____________________ 注意
6．____________________ 對……負(fù)責(zé)
7．____________________ 達(dá)到目標(biāo)
8．____________________ 簽名
1.be happy with 2.first of all 3.be available for 4.develop an interest in 5.pay attention to 6.be responsible for 7.achieve one’s goal(s) 8.sign up
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P7)________ students want to exercise ________ just want some fun，they can use our gym.
無論學(xué)生是想鍛煉還是只想娛樂，他們都可以用我們的體育館。
2．(回歸課本P7)We ________ ________ ________ we take good care of every student.
我們確保在校園里照顧好學(xué)生們。
3．(回歸課本P9)________ ________ his studies，he started travelling in China.
學(xué)習(xí)一結(jié)束，他就開始了他的中國之旅。
4．(回歸課本P11)I ________ go home ________ my mum gets home from work.
直到我媽媽下班回到家我才能回家。
5．(回歸課本P11)She ________ ________ ________ a person who can’t pay attention to one thing for long.
她似乎不是一個(gè)能長時(shí)間集中精力的人。
6．(回歸課本P11)I’m not a person who is ________ ________ ________.
我不是一個(gè)難以取悅的人。
1.Whether；or 2.make sure that 3.Upon finishing 4.can’t；until 5.seems to be 6.hard to please
核心知識
1.attend vt. 參加，出席；上(學(xué))；去(教堂)；看護(hù)，照料
(回歸課本P2)On the first day，all students went to attend assembly.開學(xué)第一天，所有的學(xué)生都去參加校會(huì)。
歸納拓展
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture/movie
參加會(huì)議/出席婚禮/聽演講/看電影
attend school/class/church 上學(xué)/上課/上教堂
attend on/upon sb.侍候某人，照顧某人
attend to 處理；對付；照料
例句探源
①(朗文P108)More than 1,000 people attended the conference.
1000多人出席了會(huì)議。
②(朗文P108)After attending church，the family would go home for dinner.去完教堂后，全家人會(huì)回家吃飯。
③(牛津P110)I have some urgent business to attend to.
我有一些急事要處理。
④(牛津P110)A nurse attended to his needs constantly.
有一位護(hù)士經(jīng)常照顧他的需要。
易混辨析
attend，join，join in，join sb.in(doing)sth.，take part in
(1)attend正式用語，指參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮或指上課、上學(xué)、聽報(bào)告等，重在強(qiáng)調(diào)“參與”的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者的作用。
(2)join指參加某組織或團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員。其賓語往往是the army/party/team/club。
(3)join in指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，in可為介詞，也可為副詞。通�？膳ctake part in互換，但join in后不能接“會(huì)議”。
(4)join sb. in (doing)sth.表示與某人一起做某事。
(5)take part in指參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)，并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。part前若有修飾語，需加不定冠詞。
①Would you join us in the game?
②All the students take an active part in school activities.
③He didn’t attend school yesterday because of his illness.
1．(2010年高考江蘇卷)Thousands of foreigners were ________ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．a(chǎn)ttained
C．a(chǎn)ttracted D．a(chǎn)ttached
解析：選C�？疾閯�(dòng)詞辨析。attend意為“參加，出席”；attain意為“達(dá)到；獲得”；attract意為“吸引”；attach意為“系上；綁上；貼上”。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)，表示上海世博會(huì)吸引了成千上萬的外賓。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)橹髡Zforeigners和attend是主謂關(guān)系，不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2．(2009年高考江蘇卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.
A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
解析：選C。句意：尊敬的來賓朋友們，歡迎蒞臨我校。今天早上參加50周年慶典的是來自國內(nèi)外的校友。本句為倒裝句，正常的語序應(yīng)該是：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.attending作謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分。
2.prepare vt.& vi. 準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)備；調(diào)制，配制
(回歸課本P3)Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy，prepare and cook food.
當(dāng)我學(xué)會(huì)怎樣購買和烹煮食物時(shí)，做飯的確就成了樂趣。
歸納拓展
prepare for 為……做好準(zhǔn)備
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事
be prepared for 為……做好準(zhǔn)備(狀態(tài))
be prepared to do 準(zhǔn)備做……
preparation n. 準(zhǔn)備
make preparations for 為……做準(zhǔn)備
in preparation(for sth.) (為某事)做好準(zhǔn)備
例句探源
①(朗文P1603)The Bears are busy preparing for their game against the Redskins next week.
熊隊(duì)正忙于準(zhǔn)備下周與紅人隊(duì)的比賽。
②(朗文P1603)I haven’t prepared my report for the meeting yet.我還沒有把會(huì)議報(bào)告準(zhǔn)備好。
③(朗文P1603)Kenny has spent months preparing to take the entrance exam.肯尼已花了數(shù)月時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備入學(xué)考試。
④(牛津P1560)The college prepares students for a career in business.這個(gè)學(xué)院是培養(yǎng)商務(wù)人才的。
⑤(牛津P1560)He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.
他在廚房做午飯。
⑥(牛津P1560)I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.我對這事引起的諸多麻煩毫無防備。
⑦She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.(2009年高考湖南卷)
她是我們心愛的寶貝。我們準(zhǔn)備不惜一切代價(jià)挽救她的生命。
3．完成句子
(1)為備戰(zhàn)這場重要比賽，隊(duì)伍一直在嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練。
The team has been training hard ________ ________ ________ the big game.
答案：in preparation for
(2)正在為總統(tǒng)訪問做準(zhǔn)備工作。
Preparations are ________ ________ ________ the president’s visit.
答案：being made for
4．(2010年北京海淀區(qū)高三期中練習(xí))?Bob！How’s your project？I heard you started it last Friday，right?
?Oh！I ________ for it.But I haven’t decided when to do it.
A．have prepared
B．had prepared
C．have been preparing
D．was preparing
解析：選C。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“Bob，你的工程項(xiàng)目怎么樣？我聽說你上周五開工的，是嗎？”“哦！我已經(jīng)在準(zhǔn)備了，但是我還沒有決定什么時(shí)候開始�！庇纱丝芍瑴�(zhǔn)備工作一直在進(jìn)行，有可能還要繼續(xù)，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
3.experience vt. 經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)
n． 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)
(回歸課本P2)Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
去英國上一年高中對我來說是一次非�？鞓非矣至钊伺d奮的經(jīng)歷。
歸納拓展
(1)have experience in doing sth.在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
know from experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)得知
learn by/from/through experience 從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)到
gain experience in...獲得……經(jīng)驗(yàn)
a man of rich/much experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人
a pleasant experience 一次令人愉快的經(jīng)歷
(2)experience sth.經(jīng)歷某事
(3)be experienced in doing sth./at sth.
在(做)……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
例句探源
①(朗文P706)Do you have any previous experience in sales?
你以前做過銷售嗎？
②(牛津P700)Living in Africa was very different from home and quite an experience.生活在非洲完全不同于在家里，那真是一次不同尋常的經(jīng)歷。
③(朗文P707)Many regions are experiencing a shortage of food.許多地區(qū)出現(xiàn)糧食短缺。
④(牛津P701)He’s very experienced in looking after animals.
他養(yǎng)動(dòng)物很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
5．Some of the survivors told the reporters about their ________ in the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan.
A．trips B．experience
C．details D．experiences
解析：選D。句意：幾個(gè)幸存者給記者講述了他們在汶川大地震中的經(jīng)歷。此處experience意為“經(jīng)歷”，是可數(shù)名詞，故選D。
6．完成句子
(1)在城市發(fā)展的過程中，犯罪有所增加。
As it grew，the city ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：experienced an increase in crime.
(2)他在政治方面不是很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：is not very experienced in politics.
4.cover v．& n.
常用意義：(1)n.[C]蓋子；封面；覆蓋物
(回歸課本P14)I also remember the price was on the back cover but I could only read an 8.
我還記得價(jià)格在封底上但我只能看到一個(gè)8。
歸納拓展
例句探源
① (2009年高考山東卷) Do you have enough to cover all your daily expenses？你的錢足夠你日常開支嗎？
②(朗文P464)We covered the sofa with a large blanket.
我們用一條大毯子蓋住了沙發(fā)。
③(朗文P464)The floor of the basement was covered with ants.
地下室的地面爬滿了螞蟻。
④(朗文P464)The story covers 12 years in the life of the troubled American actress.
該小說講述了這位麻煩不斷的美國女演員12年的生活。
⑤(朗文P464)Michael Putzel now covers foreign affairs from Washington.
邁克爾?普策爾現(xiàn)在在華盛頓報(bào)道國際新聞。
⑥(牛津P461)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
到日落時(shí)我們已走了30英里。
7．完成句子
(1)保護(hù)區(qū)占地面積大約1140平方公里。
The reserve ________ ________ ________ ________ some 1,140 square kilometres.
答案：covers an area of
(2)后來，他們在夜幕的掩護(hù)下溜進(jìn)了房子。
Later，________ ________ ________ darkness，they crept into the house.
答案：under cover of
8．(2010年湖北部分重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考)?Will 200 dollars ________ the cost of the damage?
?I’m afraid not.I need at least 100 more dollars.
A．resemble B．include
C．cover D．a(chǎn)fford
解析：選C。句意：??200美元包賠這些損失夠不夠？
??恐怕不夠，我至少還要100美元。resemble“像，類似”；include“包括，包含”；cover“覆蓋，包含……的費(fèi)用”；afford“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，故C項(xiàng)正確。
5.regret vt.& vi. 遺憾，抱歉；后悔，惋惜
n． 遺憾；后悔
(回歸課本P16)We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.我們很抱歉地通知你因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)我們的圖書館下周三、周四、周五不開門。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1717)I regretted not having worn a thicker coat.
我后悔沒穿一件厚外套。
②(朗文P1717)You’ll regret it if you leave your job now.
如果現(xiàn)在辭職，你會(huì)后悔的。
③(朗文P1718)I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遺憾地通知你，你的合同將不予續(xù)簽。
④(牛津P1673)He gave up teaching in 2001，much to the regret of his students.
他于2001年放棄了，這使他的學(xué)生深感遺憾。
9．(2011年江蘇十校一模)?I’d like to find a job in the kindergarten.
?I regret________you that we don’t need anyone else at present.
A．telling B．to tell
C．to have told D．having told
解析：選B。regret to say/tell/inform意為“很遺憾地說/告訴/通知……”。
10．How I regret________his advice that I shouldn’t feed my baby with Sanlu baby milk powder.
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
解析：選D�？疾閞egret后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞間的區(qū)別。regret to do意為“很遺憾地去做”。regret doing意為“后悔做了……”。由句意可知“后悔沒能接受建議”。
6.inform vt. 通知，告知
(回歸課本P16)We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.我們很抱歉地通知你因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)我們的圖書館下周三、周四、周五不開門。
歸納拓展
inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事
inform sb. that 通知某人……
inform sb. what/where/when/how to do
通知某人做什么/在哪兒做/什么時(shí)間做/如何做
keep sb. informed of sth.隨時(shí)告訴某人某事
be well informed 精通某事，對某事消息靈通
例句探源
①(牛津P1046)Please inform us of any changes of address.
地址若有變動(dòng)請隨時(shí)通知我們。
②You told me nothing about it，you should have kept me informed.(2010年杭州統(tǒng)考)
關(guān)于這件事，你對我只字未提，你本應(yīng)該讓我知道的。
③(朗文P1061)Then the doctors informed the family that there was no hope for his recovery.
然后醫(yī)生通知家屬他康復(fù)無望。
11．(2011年常德調(diào)研)‘He’s already left，’she ________ us.
A．informing B．having informed
C．informed D．to informing
解析：選C。本題考查動(dòng)詞用法。句意：“他已經(jīng)走了，”她告訴我們說。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，C項(xiàng)符合，故選C。
7.require vt. 要求，需要，命令
(回歸課本P18)When I attended the first meeting，I was required to write a poem and I had to read it out to the group.
當(dāng)我參加第一次會(huì)議時(shí)，我被要求寫一首詩，我還得當(dāng)眾把它讀出來。
歸納拓展
require sth. 需要某物
require sth. of sb. 向某人要求某物
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that...(should)do sth. 要求……(虛擬語氣)
sth. ＋doing/to be done 某物需要被……
meet one’s requirements 滿足某人的要求
例句探源
①(牛津P1693)The situation required that he should be present.這種情形需要他在場。
②(朗文P1737)You are required by law to wear sea belts.
法律規(guī)定你要系安全帶。
③(牛津P1693)What exactly is required of a receptionist?
接待員的職責(zé)到底是什么？
④(朗文P1737)Most house plants require good light and regular watering.
大多數(shù)室內(nèi)盆栽植物需要良好的光照和經(jīng)常澆水。
12．(2010年江蘇海安中學(xué)檢測)Most of the representatives raised a question at yesterday’s meeting，________ requires ________ urgently.
A．that；to be solved
B．the one that；solved
C．what；solving
D．one which；solving
解析：選D。句中用one指代a question，which引導(dǎo)定語從句，“主語＋require doing”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“主語需要被……”。句意：在昨天的會(huì)議上，大多數(shù)代表提出了一個(gè)問題，一個(gè)迫切需要解決的問題。
13．(2010年池州統(tǒng)考)The law requires that everyone ________ his car checked at least once a year.
A．has B．would have
C．have D．will have
解析：選C。本題考查require that...(should)do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：法律要求每個(gè)人至少每年進(jìn)行一次車檢。
8.used to
(回歸課本P2)I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school，but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這里布置的家庭作業(yè)不像我在原來學(xué)校時(shí)那么繁重，可一開始我還是覺得有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樗械淖鳂I(yè)都是以英語的形式出現(xiàn)的。
歸納拓展
used to do...過去常常(暗含現(xiàn)在不……)。否定形式為“did not use to do”或“used not to do”；疑問形式為“Did...use to do？”或“Used...to do？”。
例句探源
①(牛津P2225)I didn’t use to like him much when we were at school.以前我們同學(xué)時(shí)，我并不太喜歡他。
②(朗文P2266)Janie used to go to my high school.
賈尼過去曾上過我就讀的那所中學(xué)。
③In my opinion，life in the twenty-first century is much easier than it used to be.
在我看來，21世紀(jì)的生活比過去要輕松得多。
易混辨析
used to，be used to doing，be used to do
(1)used to do sth.意為“過去常做……”。
(2)be used to (doing)sth.是“習(xí)慣于(做)某事”的意思，還可說get/become used to(doing)sth.。
(3)be used to do sth.被用來做某事
①He used to get up early in the morning.
②There used to be a tree in front of the building，usedn’t there/didn’t there?
③You will soon be/get used to living in the country.
④The knife is used to cut bread.
used to，would
(1)used to do 表示過去的特定時(shí)期的習(xí)慣，暗含現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在的意思，表示過去與現(xiàn)在的對比。would只表示說話人對過去的一種回想心情，不含有過去和現(xiàn)在的對比。
(2)would之后接表示動(dòng)作的詞，不接表示認(rèn)識或狀態(tài)的詞，而used to則沒有這個(gè)限制。
⑤When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care of me.
⑥Mr.White used to live in China，so he is used to Chinese dishes.
14．(2010年長沙調(diào)研)The country life he was used to ________ greatly since 1992.
A．change B．has changed
C．changing D．have changed
解析：選B。根據(jù)句意：“他所習(xí)慣的鄉(xiāng)村生活自1992年以來發(fā)生了巨大的變化�！笨芍揪涞闹髡Z是the country life，he was used to是定語從句，缺少的是謂語，故選B。
15．Every possible means ________ the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
A．was used to prevent
B．a(chǎn)re used to preventing
C．has been used to prevent
D．have been used to prevent
解析：選C。根據(jù)句意：所有可能的方法都已被用來阻止空氣污染，但天空依然不清徹。be used to do sth.意為被用來做某事，排除B，means前有every修飾是單數(shù)形式，排除D。再根據(jù)后文but the sky is still not clear 可知應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。
9.for free 免費(fèi)地
(回歸課本P3)I usually went to the Computer Club at lunch time，so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free.我通常在午飯時(shí)間去計(jì)算機(jī)俱樂部，所以可以免費(fèi)給我的父母和朋友往家發(fā)電子郵件。
歸納拓展
(2)free sb. from/of 使某人擺脫……，使某人免除……
free of charge＝for free 免費(fèi)
feel free 無拘束,set free 釋放，使自由
free of/from 無……的；免于……的， 離開了……的
free and easy 隨便，無拘束
be free to do sth.隨心所欲地做某事
例句探源
①(牛津P810)You can’t expect people to work for free.
你不要指望人工作不要報(bào)酬。
②(牛津P810)?Can I use the phone?
?我能用一下電話嗎？
?Please，feel free.?請便吧。
③(牛津P810)The researchers set the birds free.
研究人員把鳥放了。
④(朗文P822)Lydia has been completely free from cancer since 1995.自從1995年來，莉迪婭就已完全治愈了癌癥。
⑤(朗文P823)Treatment has freed Jenna from her drug addiction，allowing her to live a productive life.治療使詹娜擺脫了毒癮，使她能夠過上積極、富有成效的生活。
16．(2010年遼寧錦州上學(xué)期期中測試)?What about the protection?
?Let’s keep the surface ________ dirt by putting a cover over it.
A．far from B．free from
C．a(chǎn)part from D．a(chǎn)way from
解析：選B。第二句句意：讓我們把表面蓋起來以免落上灰塵。far from“遠(yuǎn)離”；free from“免于”；apart from“除了”；away from“離開”，故選B。
17．完成句子
(1)我們希望給所有孩子一個(gè)沒有暴力的世界。
We want to give all children a world ________ ________ violence.
答案：free of
(2)只要你愿意，你來去自由。
You ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ as you please.
答案：are free to come and go
(3)這些設(shè)備是無償提供給我們學(xué)校的。
These equipment is given to our school ________ ________.
答案：for free
(4)這家博物館可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)入。
Admission to the museum is ________ ________ ________.
答案：free of charge
10.more than
(回歸課本P7)CMHS has much more than you expect.
CMHS擁有的東西比你預(yù)想的多得多。
歸納拓展
(1)“more than＋名詞”表示“不只是；不僅僅是；非但……尤其是”。
(2)“more than＋數(shù)詞”含“多于，不止”之意。
(3)“more than＋形容詞”表示“很，非�！钡囊馑�。
(4)“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“是……而不是……；與其說……不如說……”。
例句探源
① (2009年高考浙江卷) It took more than building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains，too.
建造這些節(jié)能的房屋不僅需要建筑材料，也需要智力。
②(朗文P2130)It’s hard to concentrate like that for more than a half an hour.像那樣集中注意力很難超過半小時(shí)。
③(牛津P1303)I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.我非常樂意用我的車帶你去那兒。
④I think she’s more shy than unfriendly.
我認(rèn)為與其說她不友好，不如說她害羞。
18．(2010年湖南婁底重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考)It is the test system，________ the teachers，that is to blame for the heavy burden of middle school students nowadays.
A．other than B．rather than
C．more than D．or rather
解析：選B。句意：要責(zé)備的是考試體系，而不是老師，給中學(xué)生造成深重的負(fù)擔(dān)。other than“不同于，除了”；rather than“而不是”；more than“超過，不僅僅”；or rather “確切地說”，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。
19．(2010年山東濰坊3月模考)The computer software is old，________ very out of date.
A．or rather B．rather than
C．other than D．more than
解析：選A。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)軟件舊了，更確切地說是過時(shí)了，故選A。or rather，更精確地說。
20．完成句子
(1)中文不僅僅是一種語言。
Chinese is ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：more than a language
(2)說她聰明，不如說她運(yùn)氣好。
She’s ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：more lucky than clever
11.pay attention to 注意
(回歸課本P11)She seems to be a person who can’t pay attention to one thing for long.
她看上去似乎不是一個(gè)能長時(shí)間集中精力干一件事的人。
歸納拓展
(1)draw/catch/attract one’s attention
引起某人注意
devote one’s attention to專心于……
fix/focus one’s attention on 留意，專心于
turn one’s attention to將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向
with attention 注意地
(2)“動(dòng)詞(詞組)＋介詞to”結(jié)構(gòu)的常用短語,pay attention to，look forward to，come to，refer to，lead to，stick to，contribute to，make contributions to，be/get used to，get down to，turn to，devote...to，belong to，object to，point to
例句探源
①(牛津P111)Don’t pay any attention to what they say.
別在意他們所說的話。
②(牛津P111)I tried not to draw attention to the weak points in my argument.我盡量不讓人察覺我論證中的弱點(diǎn)。
③(朗文P109)The explosion focused attention on safety issues.
這場爆炸讓人們把注意力集中在了安全問題上。
④The lawyer listened with full attention，trying not to miss any point.(2010年高考四川卷)
那位律師全神貫注地聽，力圖不錯(cuò)過任何一點(diǎn)。
21．(2010年東北三省四市高三第二次聯(lián)考)Toyota’s chief executive said the company grew too fast to ________ safety controls.
A．prevent from
B．pay attention to
C．get rid of
D．keep up with
解析：選D。Toyota公司的主管說公司發(fā)展得如此之快以至于安全控制跟不上。prevent from阻止；pay attention to 注意；get rid of 擺脫，去除；keep up with 跟上，趕上，故選D。
22．Though a typhoon is on the way，people are still looking forward ________ the outdoor concert by the pop singer.
A．to canceling
B．not to canceling
C．not to cancel
D．to not canceling
解析：選D。look forward to中的to是介詞，因此后面要用動(dòng)名詞doing，其否定形式在doing前加not。句意：盡管臺(tái)風(fēng)要來，人們依然盼望著那位流行歌手的戶外演唱會(huì)不取消。
23．完成句子
不要講話，好好開車。
Stop talking and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：pay attention to your driving
12.consist of 組成，構(gòu)成
(回歸課本P19)What does the poster consist of?
這張海報(bào)是由哪些內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的？
歸納拓展
consist of表示“……由……組成”的意思，不使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
consist in＝lie in表示“在于”。
例句探源
①(牛津P422)Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他們的日常飲食以蔬菜為主。
②(朗文P426)The key element of the plan consists in sending in enough troops to completely surround the city.
該計(jì)劃的關(guān)鍵部分在于派遣足夠的兵力將該城徹底包圍起來。
易混辨析
consist of，make up，be made up of
這三個(gè)詞都有“組成”的意思，但在用法上有所不同：
(1)consist of表示“……由……組成”的意思，不使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于include的意思。
(2)make up 表示“……組成……”，為主動(dòng)形式，表示“部分組成一個(gè)整體”的意思。另外make up還有“化妝；編造；占……(比例)；彌補(bǔ)”等意思。
(3)be made up of表示“……由……組成”，這里為被動(dòng)形式，表示“一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成”的意思。
①The club consists of more than 200 members.
②The club is made up of more than 200 members.
③More than 200 members make up the club.
24．(2010年海口市高考調(diào)研測試)The opening province which ________ thirteen counties and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.
A．consists of B．makes up of
C．is included D．is contained
解析：選A�？疾閯�(dòng)詞短語辨析。consist of和make up of都是“組成，構(gòu)成”之意，但consist of無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。make up of所在句以物作主語時(shí)通常都用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，include和contain用作“包括”之意時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選A。
25．完成句子
幸福在于知足。(知足常樂)
________ ________ ________ contentment.
答案：Happiness consists in
13.come up with 提出，想出(主意，計(jì)劃，回答等)
(回歸課本P19)You should also come up with your own ideas.
你也應(yīng)該想出自己的主意來。
歸納拓展
come的常用短語：
come about發(fā)生
come along到達(dá)；跟著來
come at sb.撲向某人
come out(太陽、月亮或星星)出現(xiàn)；出版
come to sth.共計(jì)；達(dá)到
come to(oneself)清醒過來
come over順便來訪
come up被提出；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生
come up with提出；想出
come across偶然碰到；被理解，被弄懂
例句探源
①So I came up with a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help.
所以我想出了個(gè)計(jì)劃，召集公司里的40個(gè)人來幫忙。
②(朗文P387)A lot of new questions came up at the meeting.
會(huì)上提出了很多新問題。
③(朗文P387)He came to a few minutes later，unable to remember anything about the accident.
幾分鐘之后他醒了過來，一點(diǎn)兒也不記得那場事故了。
④(牛津P386)I came across children sleeping under bridges.
我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)睡在橋下的孩子。
⑤(牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident came about?
你能告訴我事故是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？
⑥(牛津P388)When is her new novel coming out?
她的新小說何時(shí)出版？
26．(2010年安徽合肥高三模擬)The book which ________ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai.
A．came about B．came up
C．came out D．came around
解析：選C。句意：去年年底出版的那本書在上海被證明是巨大的成功。come about 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生；come up發(fā)芽；被討論出現(xiàn)；come out出版，露出；come around拜訪。
27．(2010年蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三情況調(diào)查)?I believe it is the only solution to this problem.
?That’s debatable，I think.I can ________ five other solutions as good as that.
A．come up with B．make up with
C．live up to D．keep up with
解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。come up with意思是“提出，想出”；make up with意思是“和……重歸于好”；live up to意思是“達(dá)到，符合，不辜負(fù)”；keep up with意思是“趕上，跟上”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知，A項(xiàng)符合語意，即我可以想出五種和這個(gè)一樣好的解決方法。
28．完成句子
(1)對不起，我不能跟你一起去了??我突然有急事。
Sorry I can’t go with you?________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：something has suddenly come up
(2)星期五晚上我可以來拜訪你嗎？
Can I ________ ________ and see you on Friday night?
答案：come over
句型解析
1【教材原句】 Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.(P9)
學(xué)習(xí)一結(jié)束，他就開始了中國之旅。
【句法分析】 upon/on＋n./v.-ing意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。
upon finishing his studies，“學(xué)習(xí)一結(jié)束”，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。
歸納拓展
“一……就……”的表達(dá)方式
(1)介詞類on/upon...
(2)副詞類immediately/instantly/directly
(3)名詞類the moment/the minute/the second/the instant
(4)連詞類as soon as/no sooner...than.../hardly/scarcely...when...
①(朗文P1426)On/Upon hearing the news of the air attack most foreigners headed for the border.
一聽到空襲的消息，大多數(shù)外國人便前往邊境。
②(牛津P1390)There was a letter waiting for him on/upon his return.他一回來就有一封信在等著他看。
③(朗文P1310)The minute I say something is cute，she’ll hate it.我一說什么東西可愛，她就恨它。
④(牛津P1019)Immediately she’d gone，I remembered her name.她剛走開我就想起了她的名字。
⑤(牛津P1919)No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.她剛一說完，淚水便奪眶而出。
29．完成句子
(1)我一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開了。
________ /________ ________ _______
I discovered they had gone.
答案：On/Upon arriving home
(2)希望他一到我就見到他。
I want to see him ________ ________ /________ ________/ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：the moment/the minute/the second/the instant he arrives
30．(2010年高考安徽卷)Just use this room for the time being，and we’ll offer you a larger one ________ it becomes available.
A．a(chǎn)s soon as B．unless
C．a(chǎn)s far as D．until
解析：選A。句意：暫用這個(gè)房間吧，一有可能，我們就會(huì)馬上給你提供一個(gè)大點(diǎn)的房子。本題考查連詞。as soon as一……就……，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。unless除非；as far as遠(yuǎn)到，至于；until直到。
31．(2010年江南十校聯(lián)考)________ the naughty boys realized it was too late to take a bus to go home.
A．No sooner it grew dark than
B．Hardly did it grow dark that
C．Scarcely had it grown dark than
D．It was not until dark that
解析：選D。本題考查含有not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，It was/is not until...＋that＋陳述語序的主句。A項(xiàng)No sooner后應(yīng)用部分倒裝且時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對且應(yīng)與when搭配，C項(xiàng)Scarcely應(yīng)與when搭配。
2【教材原句】 Whether students want to exercise or just want some fun，they can use our gym.(P7)
無論學(xué)生是想鍛煉還是想娛樂，他們都可以使用我們的體育館。
【句法分析】 whether...or意為“不管……還是……，無論……還是……，”用于表示無論發(fā)生哪種情況，某事肯定發(fā)生或不發(fā)生。
①(2010年高考北京卷閱讀A) Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.
無論我們是外出散步還是坐在火爐旁，她總是在我身邊。
②(朗文P2335)Whether you like it or not，I’m taking you to the doctor.不管你喜不喜歡，我都要帶你去看醫(yī)生。
歸納拓展
Whether...or還可作“是否”解，用于表示兩種可能性中的選擇。
③(牛津P2292)He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.
他似乎還沒有決定去留。
32．完成句子
(1)不管成功與否，我們確定已盡了最大努力。
________ ________ ________ we’re successful，we can be sure that we did our best.
答案：Whether or not
(2)這一想法能否付諸實(shí)踐還有待于觀察。
It remains to be seen ________ ________ ________ this idea can be put into practice.
答案：whether or not
33．All people，________ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A．even if B．whether
C．no matter D．however
解析：選B。句意：自這次災(zāi)難以來，所有的人，不管他們是年老的還是年輕的，富有的還是貧窮的，都在盡自己最大的努力去幫助那些需要幫助的人。whether...or，意為“無論是……還是……；不管是……還是……”。
3【教材原句】 I can’t go home until my mum gets home from work.(P11)
直到我媽媽下班回到家我才能回家。
【句法分析】 until“直到”，可以用于多種句式。
(1)肯定句：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。
①(朗文P2258)The meeting lasted until 6∶30.
會(huì)議直到6∶30才結(jié)束。
②(牛津P2216)Let’s wait until the rain stops.咱們等雨停了吧。
(2)否定句：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”。
③(牛津P2216)Until she spoke I hadn’t realized she wasn’t English.直到她開口說話我才知道她不是英格蘭人。
(3)not...until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法：
④(朗文P2258)It wasn’t until I got home that I realized I’d lost my wallet.
⑤Not until I got home did I realize I’d lost my wallet.(not until置于句首，主句要倒裝)。
直到回到家我才發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包丟了。
34．(2010年高考福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A．before B．until
C．a(chǎn)s D．since
解析：選A。句意：女孩幾乎還沒按響門鈴，門就突然被打開，她的朋友沖出來迎接她。根據(jù)主句、從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可判斷出應(yīng)用before。until用于否定句時(shí)，表示“直到……才……”；as“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，由于”；since“自從，既然”。故選A項(xiàng)。
35．(2010年高考江西卷)Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him.
A．did he begin B．had he begun
C．he began D．he had begun
解析：選A。句意：直到離開家他才開始了解家對他來說多么重要。本題考查倒裝句。not until置于句首，主句要部分倒裝，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)句意得知begin需用過去時(shí)，故排除B項(xiàng)。
36．(2009年高考江西卷)It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then B．not；until
C．not until；that D．only；when
解析：選C。句意：直到那年從非洲回來他才遇到那個(gè)他想娶的女孩。本題考查“not...until”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，即：It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他成分。
4【教材原句】 I’m not a person who is hard to please.(P11)
我不是一個(gè)難以取悅的人。
【句法分析】 “sb.be hard/easy to please”意為“某人難以/易于取悅”，這是“主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，該不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞必須是及物的。
如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。適合于此結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形容詞有cheap，dangerous，difficult，easy，hard，important，nice，pleasant，fit等。
①(朗文P643)I want a book that’s easy to read.我想要一本容易看懂的書。
②In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.(2010年高考四川卷)
在許多人看來，雖然那家公司比較小，但卻相處起來很融洽。
③The chair is comfortable to sit on.
這椅子坐著很舒服。
37．用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空
(1)We lost the game in the last few seconds；that was really hard ________ (take)．
答案：to take
(2)There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________(discover)
答案：to be discovered
38．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ________.
A．to be breathed
B．to breathe
C．breathing
D．being breathed
解析：選B。在“主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”句型中，如果主語是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。本句中the morning air 恰恰是breathe的邏輯賓語，故答案選B。
39．(2010年福建高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)I am delighted ________ as chairman of the Students’ Union last winter.
A．to appoint
B．to be appointed
C．to have appointed
D．to have been appointed
解析：選D。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。sb.be delighted 后常接不定式，同時(shí)語意表示“我很高興去年冬天被任命為學(xué)生會(huì)主席”，appoint這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去，且已經(jīng)完成”，用不定式的完成時(shí)態(tài)，而且I和appoint之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用to have been appointed，答案選D項(xiàng)。
作文指導(dǎo)
如何寫好簡單句
優(yōu)化句式是指在寫作過程中要注意句式的變化，避免平鋪直敘，羅列事實(shí)。真正優(yōu)秀的文章應(yīng)做到長短句搭配合理，主、被動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，適當(dāng)穿插倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、比較等特殊句式，并能夠恰當(dāng)使用連接成分以確保各句之間緊密銜接，從而使文章錯(cuò)落有致，如高山流水般順暢。
簡單句指的是只包括一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語的句子。英語中簡單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下5種：
1．主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞(S＋V)
The door bell rang./She sat down.
2．主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)
The flowers are(smell)sweet./Mother isn’t in at the moment.
3．主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
Who can answer this question？/Columbus discovered America.
4．主語＋動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋O＋O)
My uncle gave me a camera./I’ll give you something to eat.
5．主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋補(bǔ)語(S＋V＋O＋C)
She painted the walls light green./I smelt something burning.
以上5種基本結(jié)構(gòu)是英語句子的“主干”結(jié)構(gòu)，所有的句子，不管多么復(fù)雜，都是主干結(jié)構(gòu)的擴(kuò)展和延伸。
反過來說，不管你組建什么樣的句子，你必須從“主干”開始構(gòu)建，也就是必須嚴(yán)格遵循語法規(guī)則，這是英語作為一種“形合語言”的最基本要求。
【佳句選粹】
①I now declare my decision.
②I，who am a senior of the English department，now declare my decision that I will run for the chairman of the Students’ Union.
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.bianbian123.com/gaoer/82646.html
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