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八下英語期末復習――理解
（1）
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports tea. “Football, tennis, cricket― anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always ade fun of in school gy chasses in Devonshire, England.
It was a ountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed hi. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his ind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first arathon.
The following year, he et John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’ s School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgway’ s cold-water exploits, Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001, after becoing a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition（探險）towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite（凍瘡）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the liit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since becoe the youngest person to ski alone to the North pole, and he’s skied ore of the North Pole by hiself than any other British an. His old playates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south fro the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900 kiloetre journey that has never been copleted on skis.
1．What change happened to Saunders after he was 15 years old ?
A．He becae good at ost sports.B．He began to build up his body.
C．He joined a sports tea.D．He ade friends with a runner.
2．The underlined word “exploits” (paragraph 3) is closest in eaning to .
A．journeysB．researches C．adventuresD．operations
3．Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders ?
a．He ran his first arathon.b．He skied alone in the North Pole.
c．he rode his bike in a forest.d．He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A．acdbB．cdabC．acbdD．cabd
4．What does the story ainly tell us about Saunders ?
A．He is a success in sportsB．He is the best British skier.
C．He is Ridgway’s favorite student. D．He is a good instructor at school.

（2）
If you were to walk up to Arthur Bonner and say, “ Hey, Butterfly an,” his face would break into a sile. The title suits hi. And he loves it.
Arthur Bonner works with the Palos Verdes blue butterfly(蝴蝶), once thought to have died out. Today the butterfly is coing back ― thanks to hi. But years ago if you’d told hi this was what he’d be doing soeday, he would have laughed, “ You’re crazy.” As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on the streets”. At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a an.
“ I knew it had hurt y o,” Bonner said after he got out of prison. “ So I told yself I would not put y o through that pain again.”
One day he et Professor attoni, who was working to rebuild the habitat(棲息地) for an endangered butterfly called El Segundo blue.
“ I saw the sign ‘ Butterfly Habitat’ and asked, ‘ How can you have a habitat when the butterflies can just fly away?’” Bonner recalls. “ Dr. attoni laughed and handed e a agnifying glass(放大鏡) , ‘Look at the leaves.’ I could see all these caterpillars(蝴蝶的幼蟲) on the plant. Dr attoni explained, ‘ Without the plant, there are no butterflies.’”
Weeks later, Bonner received a call fro Dr. attoni, who told hi there was a butterfly needed help. That was how he et the Palos Verdes blue. Since then he’s been working for four years to help bring the butterfly back. He grows astragalus, the only plant the butterfly eats. He collects butterflies and brings the into a lab to lay eggs. Then he puts new butterflies into the habitat.
The butterfly’s population, once alost zero, is now up to 900. For their work, Bonner and Dr. attoni received lots of awards. But for Bonner, he earned soething ore: he turned his life around.
For six years now Bonner has kept his proise to stay out of prison. While he’s bringing back the Palos Verdes blue, the butterfly has helped bring hi back, too.
1. When he was young, Arthur Bonner _______.
A. broke the law and ended up in prison B. was fond of shooting and hurt his o
C. often laughed at people on the streets D. often caught butterflies and took the hoe
2. Bonner cae to know the Palos Verdes blue after he _______.
A. found the butterfly had died out B. won any prizes fro his professor
C. et Dr. attoni, a professor of biology D. collected butterflies and put the into a lab
3. Fro the last sentence of the text, we learn that raising butterflies has _________.
A. ade Bonner faous B. changed Bonner’s life
C. brought Bonner wealth D. enriched Bonner’s knowledge
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. A Proise to o B. A an Saved by Butterflies
C. A Story of Butterflies D. A Job Offered by Dr. attoni

（3）
Lions are opportunists．They prefer to eat without having to do too uch work．When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a ile across the plains to find out what is going on．If another anial has ade a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for theselves．A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of eat at a single feeding．Often they eat until it sees painful for the to lie down．
The lionesses (母獅) , being thinner and faster, are better hunters (獵手) than the ales (雄獅)．But the ales don’t ind．After the kill they ove in and take the best share．
ost kills are ade at night or just before daybreak．We have seen any, any daylight attepts but only ten kills．Roughly, it’s about twenty daytie attepts for one kill．
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second．The kill is the exciting oent in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great anials spend ost of their tie, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting．
Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each other．After drinking at a water hole, a lioness rests her head on another’s back．When walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties aong ebers of the group．
1．By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author eans to say that lions ____________ ．
A．are cruel anials B．are clever anials
C．like to take advantage of other anials D．like to take every chance to eat
2．According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Lions ake ost kills in the daytie．
B．ales care ore about eating than active killing．
C．Lions are curious about things happening around the．
D．It doesn’t take lions too uch tie to ake a kill．
3．How can we know that lions are social anials?
A．They depend on each other． B．They look after each other well．
C．They readily share what they have． D．They enjoy each other’s copany．
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Powerful LionsB．Lions at Work and Play
C．Lions, Social CatsD．Lions, Skilled Hunters

（4）
As societies develop, their ebers start to see things not so uch according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough oney, these wants becoe deands.
Now, it' s iportant for the anagers in a copany to understand what their custoers want if they are going to develop effective arketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at superarkets ( 超市), for exaple, is to interview(采訪) custoers while they're doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides inforation on which to base future arketing strategies.
It' s also quite noral for top anagers fro departent stores to spend a day or two each onth visiting stores and ixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary custoers, to get an idea of how custoers act.
Another way to get inforation fro custoers is to give the soething. For exaple, soe fast food restaurants give away tickets in agazines or on the street that perit custoers to get part of their eal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting custoers into the restaurants to spend their oney, it also allows the anagers to get a feel for where to attract custoers and which age-groups to attract.
Another strategy used at soe well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top anagers to spend at least one day in their work, touting the park dressed as ickey ouse or soething like that. This provides the with a perfect chance to exaine the scene and watch the custoers without being noticed.
1. The text is designed for _______
A. angers B. salesen C. researchers D. custoers
2. Which of the following can help anagers get useful inforation?
A. Visiting custoers theselves. B. Giving custoers free food on the street.
C. Visiting parks as ordinary custoers. D. Asking custoers questions at superarkets.
3. What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to?
A. Visiting Disneyland. B. Wearing attractive clothes.
C. Acting ickey ouse. D. Dressing up and walking around.
4. The ain idea of the text is _________.
A. how to do arket research
B. how to develop arketing strategies
C. how to find out custoers' social needs
D. how to encourage custoers to spend ore oney

理解Keys:
（1）1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
（2）1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
（3）1. C 2.B 3.D 4.B
（4）1.A 2. D 3. D 4. A