Ⅰ.Word Study 1. economy (1) n.[C]the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region;[C,U] the use of the time money etc. that is available in a way that avoid waste 經濟，經濟狀況；節約，節省 e.g. The economy of the world is in recession .世界經濟處于衰退之中。 His views on knowledge economy have been accepted with many people. 他關于知識經濟的觀點得到很多人的認可。 We need to make substantial economies.我們要厲行節約。 She writes with a great economy of words.她寫作文字非常簡練。 構詞解析： economic 有關經濟的（抽象） economical 經濟的（側重“節約”）經濟學economics經濟學 economist 經濟學家 Practice 1．The car is quite (節省的) of petrol。 A. economic B. economical C. saving D. sparing 2. 他爸爸是經濟學家。 . key for reference 1. B 2．His father is an economist. 2. congratulation （1）n used when you want to say to sb. that you are happy about their good luck or success. 恭喜（多用作復數） e.g. -----We’re getting married! -------我們要結婚了！ -----Congratulations！ ------- 恭喜！恭喜！ Congratulations on your winning the prize 。 祝賀你獲獎。 （2） vt. to tell sb. that you are pleased about their success or achievement; to feel pleased and proud 向某人道賀；感到自豪 常用結構： congratulate sb on sth / doing sth congratulate oneself on doing sth eg We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 我們恭喜他考試及格。 I congratulated them all on their results. 我為他們取得的成就向他們所有的人表示祝賀。 You really should congratulate yourself on your action; you are wonderful. 你真該為自己的表現自豪，你太棒了。 Practice Put the following sentences into Chinese. 1.You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job. . 2.Congratulations on your exam results. . key for reference 1.你應該為你出色的工作感到自豪。 2.祝賀你考出了好成績。 3. aboard adv；prep on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train 在（船，飛機，公共汽車，火車等）上；上（船，飛機，公共汽車，火車等） eg We finally went aboard. 我們終于上船了。 He was already aboard the plane. 他已經登機了。 All aboard! 各位，請上車（船，飛機） Welcome aboard! 歡迎乘坐！ （2）常用短語 on board be on/ onto a ship, plane, bus or train e.g. We went on board the plane.我們登上了飛機。 Everybody on board was worried. 船上的人都很著急。 Practice Put the following sentences into Chinese. 1.They went home aboard a train. ________________________________ 2.The ship is ready leave for Qingdao all aboard. ________________________________ key for reference 1.他們乘火車回家。 2.船就要開往青島，所有乘客請上船。 4. historical adj. usually describes sth that is connected with the past or with the study of history歷史性的 e.g.. You must place these events in their historical back ground. 必須把這些事情同它們的歷史背景聯系起來。 I watched a historical play on TV last night.昨晚我看了一部歷史劇。 詞語解析： historic is usually used to describe sth that is so important that it is likely to be remembered. 具有歷史意義的。 eg. Today is a historic occasion for our country.對我們國家來說，今天是具有歷史意義的一天。 The area is of special historic interest.這個地區有特別的歷史意義。 Practice 1. Put the following sentence into Chinese. The meeting between chairman Lian Zhan and General Secretory HuJintao is a historic one. 2. Correction: He has been doing some historic research. ____________ Key to reference 1.連戰主席和胡錦濤總書記的會面是一次具有歷史意義的會見。 2.historic改為historical。 5．Welcome (1)vt. to greet sb in a friendly way when they arrive somewhere 歡迎，迎接 eg. We were at the door to welcome them.我們在門口迎接他們。 They welcomed the new comers with enthusiasm.他們熱烈歡迎新生。 （2）adj. received with or giving pleasure 受人歡迎的 welcome to sth/to do (作表語)可隨意，取用某物或做某事 e.g. Your money is extremely welcome just now.你這筆錢正好解燃眉之急。 We had the feeling that we were not welcome at the meeting.我們感到人家不歡迎我們到會。 You are welcome to any books you would like to borrow.你不必客氣，可以隨時用我的車。 You are welcome to any books you would like to borrow.你想借什么書就借什么書好了。 常見短語： You’re welcome: there is no need to thank me. 不用謝，別客氣。 e.g. “Thanks so much for all your help.” “You are welcome.” “謝謝你的幫助。”“不客氣。” （3）n. greeting or reception, esp a kind or glad one. 歡迎。 e.g.. She was touched by the warmth of their welcome.他們熱情地歡迎她，她很感動。 （4）interj greeting used by a person who is already in a place to one who is arriving.(迎接時用的招呼用語)歡迎。 Welcome! Come in and meet my parents .歡迎！進來見見我父母。 Practice 1.我們一到門口，孩子就來歡迎我們。 We at the door by the children. 2.The victors were given a warm welcome when they arrived home. . 3.歡迎回來。 . 4.歡迎她隨時到這里來。 . Key for reference 1.were welcomed. 2.凱旋者受到熱烈歡迎。 3.Welcome back. 4.She’s welcome to stay here whenever she likes. 6. delighted (1)adj. very pleased 高興的，愉快的 常用結構：delighted to do sth/ delighted that delighted by /at/with sth e.g. I’d be absolutely delighted to come.我很樂意前來。 I was delighted that you could stay.你能留下來我很高興。 She was delighted at /by the news of the wedding.聽到婚禮的消息她很高興。 （2）delight vt. to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment eg. 使高興，使快樂 His singing delighted us.他的歌聲令我們喜悅。 He often delighted his children with his magic.他時常以魔術逗小孩高興。 （3）n. [U] a feeling of great pleasure高興，愉快；; [C] something that gives you great pleasure令人高興的事，樂事 e.g. Travelling is my great delight.旅行是我最大的樂事。 She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans. 這場比賽她贏得很輕松，令所有的崇拜者大為高興。 Practice 1. Multiple choice We were very much at the good news. A. delighting B. delighted C. pleasant D. pleasing 2. Complete the sentences. 這消息將使全世界崇拜他的人都感到高興。 The news ___________ his fans _____ ______ ______ ______. 3.女兒考上了北京大學，令他欣喜萬分。 ， her daughter was admitted to Beijing University. Key for reference 1.B. 3.This news will delight his fans all over the world. 4.To his great delight 7. part (1)n. [C] [U] a section; an essential, separable component of a piece of equipment or a machine; the role of an actor in a play. 部分；零件；角色。 e. g. They spent （a）part of their holiday in France.他們假期有一段時間是在法國度過的。 There is something wrong with the working parts of the machine.機器的操作部件出了毛病。 Which part do you play?你演哪一個角色？ （2）常用搭配： ① act/ play a part in: be involved in an activity; make a contribution to sth 參加某活動；對某事起作用，有貢獻 e.g. She plays an active part in local politics.她積極參與地方政治活動。 He played a major part in the success of the plan.他對成功完成計劃起了重要作用。 ② take part in , have a share or role in sth with others 參加，參與某事 e.g. How many students will take part in the discussion？有多少學生要參加討論？ The best players from all over the world will take part in the Olympic Games. 世界各地的優秀運動員將參加奧運會。 Practice 1.He played a leading part in the movement. . 2.He often acts the part of Sun Wukong in the play. . 3.How many countries will be take part in the world cup? . Key for reference 1.他在那次運動中擔任領導的任務。 2.在劇中他經常演孫悟空。 3.有多少國家要參加世界杯賽？ II. Background The first newspaper was written by hand and put up on walls in public palaces . The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59B.C. In the 700’s the world’s first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn’t have a regularly published newspaper until 1609,when one was started in Germany. The first regularly published newspaper in England was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courtant, which came out in March 1702. In 1690, Beijamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started the Boston newspaper ,the first newspaper published daily the American Colonies（1）. By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1800 daily papers in the United States. Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation（2）in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. It sells more than eleven million copies every year. 注解： （1）Colonies: 殖民地 （2）circulation： 發行量 Language Study 1.The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a “complete success” == The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a completely successful flight. 北京航天控制中心說這次飛行完全成功。 success (1) n. [U] the fact that you have achieved sth that you want and have been trying to do or get 成功；勝利 success in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事上取得成功 e.g. He didn’t have much success in finding a job.他找工作沒有什么結果。 What’s the secret of your success? 你成功的秘訣是什么？ （2）n．[C] a person or thing that has achieved a good result and been successful 成功的人或事 e.g. The party was a big success.聚會非常成功。 She’s proud of her daughter’s successes.她為女兒的種種成就感到自豪。 以下名詞作不可數名詞用時，表示抽象概念，用作可數名詞時，表示具體的人或事物。 beauty n. [C] a person or thing that is beautiful. 美人，美好的東西 honour n. [C] a person or thing that brings great pride and pleasure光榮的人或事物 pleasure n. [C] a thing that make you happy or satisfied. e.g. She had been a beauty in her day.她年輕時是個美人。 She is an honour to the profession.她是這一行業的光榮。 Everyone can enjoy the pleasures and pains of everyday life. 每個人都能嘗到日常生活的苦與樂。 （3）構詞解析： success n.成就,成功, 成功的人或事物；succeed vi. 成功; successful adj..成功的,一帆風順的, successfully adv..成功地,順利地 Practice 1.在這里生活的好處之一是安寧。 . 2.她是一個成功的作家。 . 3.我說服他放棄了那個想法。 . 4.我們祝賀他們工程勝利竣工。 . 5.我們很高興認識你。 . Key for reference 1.One of the beauties of living here is that it’s so peaceful. 2.She is a success as a writer. 3.I succeeded in advising him to give up his idea. 4.We congratulated them on the successful completion. 5.It’s a pleasure to meet you . 2.When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am. Yesterday, China became the third nation to send a man into space。 == When Yang began to flight from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9am. Yesterday, China became the third nation that sends a man into space. 昨天晚上9點楊利偉從中國西北部起飛時，中國成為世界上第三個把人送入太空的國家 (1). take off (1) to leave the ground and begin to fly 起飛 e.g. The plane took off an hour late.飛機起飛晚了一小時。 (2). to remove sth, especially a piece of clothing from sb’s body 脫下 e.g. He took off wet boots and sat by the fire. 他脫掉濕漉漉的靴子，在火爐旁坐了下來。 （3）拓展 take 相關短語 take for認為，誤認為；take in收留；欺騙; tale on 呈現；take over接管; take up占用（時間），占據空間 e.g. Even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh. 連行家都誤認為這幅畫是凡?高的真跡。 He was homeless, so we took him in.他無家可歸，我們就收留了他。 His voice took on a more serious tone . 他說話的語氣變得嚴肅起來。 The firm has been taken over by Mr. Zhang該公司已被張先生接管了。 Her time is fully taken up with writing. 她把時間全都用在了寫作上。 Practice Put the following sentences into English： 1.他的一番花言巧語完全把我蒙騙住了。 . 2.我不再占用你的時間了。 . 3.盡管有霧，飛機仍舊照常起飛。 . 4.一些動物可以變成周圍環境的顏色來保護自己。 . 5.那家公司以購買我們公司股票的方式收購了我們公司。 . Key for reference 1.He took me in completely with her story. 2.I won’t take up any more of your time. 3.The plane took off despite the fog. 4.Some animals can take on the colours of their background to protect themselves. 5.The company has taken over our firm by buying shares. 2) to send a man into space === that makes a man be taken into space 把人送入太空的….. 動詞不定式短語作定語，修飾 序數詞， the last， the only 后最高級等限定的名詞時，用動詞不定式而不用分詞作定語。 e.g. She is usually the first person to arrive at the school every day. 每天她通常是第一個到學校的人。 He was the only one to survive the crash. 他是飛機墜毀中的唯一生還者。 Practice I will be the last person ---- if some asks us to. A. playing B. to play C. palyed D. plays Key for reference 答案： B 3.Yang is the 438 the person to travel in space, including astronauts from32 countries = Yang is the 438th person who travels in space, astronauts who come from 32 countries included. 包括來自32個國家的宇航員在內，楊利偉是第438個在太空旅行的人。 including prep. having sth as part of a group or set . 包括… 在內 e.g. I’ve got three day’s holiday including NewYear’s Day. 包括元旦在內我有三天假。 It’s $7.5, including tax. 包括稅款在內共7.5美元。 構詞解析： including prep. 包括；include vt. 包括; included prep.（置于名詞后）包括 Practice 1. Englishi?eight people were present, the chairman. A. included B. include C. including D. includes 2. This book all information you need. A. contains B. holds C. includes D. contain Key for reference 1.C 2.A 4.In tatal, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space == In all, these astronauts have stayed in space for over 26,000 days. 這些宇航員總共在宇宙呆的時間已經超過了26，000天。 (1). total ① n. [C] the amount you get when you add several numbers or amounts together 總數 e.g. Out of a total 15games, they only won 2. 總共15場比賽中， 他們只勝了2場。 The total of the cost is 800 yuan. 花費總數是800元。 常見短語： in total= in all 總計 e.g. In total I have 5000 yuan. 我總共有5000元錢。 ② adj. being the amount or number after everything or everyone is counted or added together. 總計的，全體的 e.g. What’s the total population of the city? 這個城市的人口總數四多少？ （3）vt. to reach a particular total 共計 e.g. Each student’s marks were totaled and entered in a list. 每個學生的總分都已計算出來并列入表中。 Practice: Put the following sentences into Chinese. 1.The total score is one hundred and fifty. _________________________________________ 2.In total, there must have been 50,000 people there. ________________________________________ Key for reference 1.滿分是150分。 2.總計有五萬人在那兒。 (1)more than ① over 多于 e.g. He weighs more than 200 pounds他有200多鎊重。 ② not only 不僅僅 e.g. She is more than a teacher to us. He is also a good friend to us. 她不僅僅是我們的老師，還是我們的好朋友。 (3)辨析not more than 與no more than: not more…….than no more ……than
not more than at most 不超過; no more than: 僅僅,只有 e.g. There are not more than 8 people in the office.辦公室里的人不超過8個。 The pipe is no more than 10 feet long.這根管子僅僅十英尺長。 not more……..than== not so ….. as 不比，不如 e.g. This book is not more interesting than that one. 這本書不如那部有趣。 no more …… than : neither 與……一樣不 e.g. Jane is no more careful than Tom. 簡和湯姆都不小心。 Practice Bamboo can be used for building. A. more than B. less than C. not more than D. no more than Key for reference A 6.Now that I have made this first visit.I hope I can come many more times == Since I have come for the first time, I believe I can come often. 既然已經有了第一次，那么我希望將來能常來。 now that conj. Since 既然 e.g. Now that kids have left home, we’ve got a lot of extra space. 孩子們都離開家，我們住著就更寬綽了。 Now that a lot of people , can make mistakes in life, you’ll better give him a chance. 既然許多人在生活中都可以犯錯誤，你最好給他一次機會。 Practice that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite Key for reference B 7.You don’t believe in aliens, do you ?=== You don’t feel certain that aliens exist, do you? 你不相信有外星人，是嗎？ believe vt. to accept as true; to think 相信，信任；認為 e. g. I don’t believe you. 我不相信你的話。 I believe she has come. 我想她已經到了。 常見短語： believe in sb/ sth to feel certain that sb/ sth exists 相信某人某物的存在 e.g. I don’t believe in ghosts. 我不相信有鬼。 辨析： believe sb. & believe in sb. believe sb.== believe what sb says 相信某人的話。 believe in sb== to feel that you can trust sb 信任（信賴）某人 e.g. . I believe him, but I don’t believe in him. 我相信他的話，但 信任他。 Practice Translate the sentences into English. 1．我相信，離開這個城市你會后悔的。 . 2．我發現他說的話一個字都不能信。 . 3．基督徒（Christian）信耶酥。 . Key for reference 1.I believed (that) you will regre leaving the city. 2.I find it impossible to believe a single word he says. 3.Christians believe in Jesus. Grammar Exploration Grammar (Ⅰ) 時間狀語從句 一. 引導時間狀語從句的連詞除了 when，while 和as（在Module 3已經學習過）外，常見的還有：as, after, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as , as soon as. e.g Soon after Mom returned, the child brought up. 媽媽回來后不久，這孩子就嘔吐了。 Since I was child, I have lived in England. 我從小就住在英格蘭。 Wait until you are called. 等著叫你吧。 二. 一些表示時間的副詞或短語也可以引導狀語從句。 常用的有 directly, immediately； instantly； the minute， the day； next time；every time； each time 等。 e.g. Directly her mother was out of her sight, the little girl cried? We’ll leave the minute you are ready. 你準備好了我們就走。 Next time you come, please bring your composition. 你下次來，請把作文帶來。 Grammar（Ⅱ）原因狀語從句 一. 引導原因狀語從句的連詞主要有because， as ， since， now that等。 1. because 所表示的原因有強烈的因果關系。 從句放在主句后。 回答why 提出的問題時，一定要用because。 e.g. I do it because I like it. 我們做這件事是因為我喜歡。 -------- Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday？ -------- Because I attended an important meeting. -----你昨晚為什么沒來參加晚會？ ------- 因為我參加了一個重要會議。 2. since 一般表示對方已知的，無需加以說明的既成事實的理由，全句中心在主句，語氣比because弱，常譯為“既然”。 now that 與 since 意思。接近，表示“既然，鑒于”。Since，now that 引導的從句常放在句首。 e.g. Since/Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長大了，就不應該依靠父母。 Since/ Now that a lot of people can make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance. 既然很多人都會在生活中犯錯誤，你最好給他一次機會。 3. as 表示十分明顯的原因。一般說明因果關系，著重點在主句。語氣比because， since弱，常譯為“由于”， as引導的從句常放在句首。 e.g. As it is snowing， we shall not go to the park。 由于正在下雪，我們不去公園了。 4. for： “因為”，但它不是從屬連詞，而是并列連詞。不是用來說明，補充解釋或表示一種推理，所以for 引導的句子一般不放在句首。 e.g. We must start early, for we have a long way to . 我們得早點出發，因為我們有很長一段路要走。 He must have done it by himself, for there was no one else in the room. 他肯定是自己做完的，因為房間里沒有其他人。 Practice 1． It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. what D. before 2． We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station. A. While B. until C. while D. wherever 3． Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. A. as B. before C. since D. when 4． Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 5． He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as 6．. It was she caught a bad cold that she didn’t go to school. A. as B. because C. for D. since 7. It’s daybreak, the birds are singing. A. because B. since C. for D. as 8. I had a cold, I didn’t go to school. A. Now that B. Since C. For D. As 9. you need this dictionary, you may take it. A. Because B. Since C. for D. As 10. you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. Key for reference 1-5:DBBDC 6-10:BCDBA V． Language Skills 1.Multiple Choice ： 1. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance examination. A. under B. behind C. back D. on 2．Her mother is as a middle school teacher. A. a great successful B. a great success C. greatly success D. succeeded greatly 3．You’ll have to wait for one more week the manager comes back from her trip. A. after B. until C. when D. before 4．This book all the information you need. A. contains B. holds. C. includes D. contain 5． , he has made rapid progress in study. A. To me delight B. To my delight C. For my delight D. To my delighted 1. D祝賀某人某事：offer sb one’s congratulations on sth. 句意為：我們祝賀他考取了大學。 2.: B success用作可數名詞意為“成功的人或事”。句意為：她媽媽是一位成功的中學教師。 3. B句意；你將不得不再等一個星期，直到經理回來。 after在…之后；until直到…時候；when當…時候；before在…以前 4. A句意：這本書包括所有你需要的信息。contain包含整體；include包含整體中的部分；hold容納。 5. B句意：令我高興的是，他在學習上取得了很快的進步。to one’s delight令某人高興的是 2. Fill in the blanks according to the first letter or Chinese words given.（每空一詞）。 1. Vienna is real c centre for music lovers. 2. She was d to receive the invitation and decided to accept it . 3. He retired, so a younger workmates r him as manager of the company. 4. You all get a wonderful sense of a when you reach the top of the mountain. 5. Yang Liwei’s success in the space flight was a h event not only in China but also in the world. 6. There wasn’t enough （證據）that he was guilty. 7. She left school for （經濟的）reasons. 8. （祝賀）on winning the prize. 9. It was on October 1,1949 that the People’s Republic of China was （建立）. 10. She took many beautiful （照片）while visiting the West Lake.. Key for reference： 1. cultural 2. delighted 3. replaced 4. achievement 5. historical 6.evidence 7. economic 8. congratulations 9. founded 10. photographs VI Task Design
