單元內容分析
本單元以描述某人的個性特征為中心而展開, 從外表和性格兩方面比較人物之間的相同與不同點, 由此引出taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier, calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier, more athletic, more popular, more serious, more outgoing 等詞匯, 以及"S + be + adj.比較級+than+被比較對象"這個重要的句子結構。Section A部分重在要求聽說讀三個方面比較不同雙胞胎之間外表和性格的區別, 附帶著在3a也提出了as....as 結構the same as結構表達兩人的相同之處。與Section A部分比較, Section B部分則深入到比較自己和朋友的相同與不同之處, 并提出了"選擇朋友"這個話題, 引導學生正確評價朋友, 引導學生結識真正的好朋友。
內容、目標與要求
題目 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 題材內容：本單元以描述朋友外表和個性特征, 比較個人與朋友之間的異同為題材, 增進朋友之間的相互了解。
目標、 功 能：表述個性特征, 對人物進行比較。
語 法:形容詞的比較級, both的用法。 詞 匯 more, than, taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier, calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier, smarter, more athletic, more popular, twin, both, be good at
語言技能
目標 聽: 能聽懂描述某人外表及個性特征, 人物之間外表及個性異同的句子和對話。 說: 能口頭描述某人的外表及個性特征, 能比較不同人物之間特征的異同。 讀: 能讀懂對不同人物外表和個性描述的對話和簡單文章。
寫: 能用S + be + adj.比較級+than+被比較對象 結構描述不同人物的區別, 能用as + adj.原級+as 描述不同人物的相同處, 學會用both描述不同人物的相同處。 演示與表達能在同學之間進行真實的介紹自己的朋友和家庭成員的特征。學習 策略自學策略培養分類表述, 聽取特定信息的習慣。 合作學習
策略掌握描述個人特征的表達方式, 結識朋友, 介紹朋友, 了解朋友, 形成一個學習集體, 互相幫助。情感態度 介紹朋友時要尊重朋友, 實事求是地評價朋友和自己, 珍惜培養朋友之間真實而美好的友誼。任務 能夠運用所學結構和句式向別人介紹自己和朋友的異同。
Words and expressions(詞匯部分)
1 outgoing adj. 友好的，外向的；quiet adj. 平靜的，安靜的，文靜的。
她性格很開朗。______________________________
她是一個文靜的女孩。____________________________________
2 twin adj. 孿生的，雙胞胎的；n. 雙胞胎(之一)
他們是雙胞胎。______________________________
他的雙胞胎弟弟個子很高。_________________________________________
3 calm adj. 鎮靜的，沉著的；反義詞，wild adj. 魯莽的，草率的
保持鎮靜！______________________!
他太魯莽。__________________________________
4 serious adj. 嚴肅的，莊重的
我們的數學老師看上去很嚴肅。Our math teacher _________________________
他不茍言笑。___________________________________
5 athletic adj. 擅長運動的，活躍的，強健的
Athletic sports are good to the health. 體育運動有益健康。
約翰體魄健壯，他擅長跑步。__________________________________, _____________________________
6 note n. 注釋，說明
記筆記 _________________
7 mean v. 意思是。。。；表示。。。的意思
What do you mean? I mean you’re too lazy. 你是什么意思？我是說你太懶。
這個單詞是什么意思？它的意思是“交通運輸”。
_________________________________? ______________________________________“transportation”.
8 way n. 某個方面
在有些方面____________________. 在另一些方面______________________
9 both (A) pron. (兩個)都，（兩者）都
They both live here. = Both of them live here. 他們兩個都住在這兒。
我們兩個都在八(3)班學習。(1) ____________________________________
(2) ____________________________________________
這對雙胞胎都很外向。(1) _______________________________
(2) ________________________________________________
(B) adj. 兩者的，雙方的
兩本書都很有趣。________________________________
(C) both……and…… 既。。。又。。。；兩者都。。。。。。
我和他都喜歡數學。Both he and I like math.
他不僅打籃球，還踢足球。He plays both basketball and football.
你和她都需要努力學習。_________________________________________________
數學和英語我都喜歡。_____________________________________________________
10 物主代詞
物主代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的
形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir
名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
用法：形容詞性物主代詞相當于一個形容詞，后跟名詞，表示所有關系；名詞性物主代詞相當于一個名詞，后面不跟名詞，作主語、賓語或表語。
填一填：(1) This is ______ (my/ mine)book. That’s ______. (her/ hers)
(2) ______ (Our/ Ours) is a large country.
(3) My pen is on the desk. ______ is on the floor. A he B his C your D her
(4) 她的鞋子是黑色的，你的是白色的。
______ shoes are black, ______ are white.
(5) The bicycle looks like ______. (your/ yours)
11 more than…… 超過，多于
我們班有40多名學生。_____________________________________________________
他們家不只一輛小汽車。His family ___________________________________________
12 in common 公有的，共有的
have something in common 有(一個)共同點；have some things in common 有一些共同之處。
這對雙胞胎有一些共同點。______________________________________________
13 be good at = do well in 擅長。。。，在（某方面）做得好；反義說法，be weak in 在（某方面）做得差。
他英語學得好。(1) ________________________________________
(2) ___________________________________________________
他數學學的不好。____________________________________
14 for prep. 為，給，對
跑步對我們的健康有好處。________________________________
這兒有你一封信（letter）。_____________________________________
謝謝你的幫助。_________________________________________
對我來說，英語很好學。______ ______, it ______ easy ______ _______ English.
15 opposite prep. 相反的，對立的；view n. 觀點，看法
他對這個問題看法相反。He ______ ______ ______ on this problem.
16 interest n. 興趣，愛好，為可數名詞；interesting adj. 有趣的
這對雙胞胎興趣不同。The twins ______ ______ ______.
對。。。感興趣，可以說，show interests in……; take an interest in……
他對打電腦游戲感興趣。(1) ____________________________________________
(2) ______________________________________________
17 though/ although conj. 雖然，即使，縱然
盡管英語學的不好，但他仍然在努力學。
(1)______ he ______ ______ ______ English, _______ he _______ ______ _______ it.
(2)He ______ ______ ______ English ______ he ______ ______ ______ it.
18 necessary adj. 必要的，必須的
把英語學好是必須的。It _______ _______ _______ _______ English well.
19 beat v. 打敗，戰勝。 beat sb 打敗（戰勝）某人
籃球比賽我們經常戰勝二班。We often ______ ______ in the basketball matches.
20 care v. 對。。。在意， 對。。。計較。care about sth 對。。。在乎
I don’t care what people think of me。 我不在乎人們對我怎么看。
我不在乎價錢。I ______ ______ ______ the price.
21 information （不可數名詞）消息，信息
Texts（課文部分）
本單元學習形容詞和副詞的比較等級。
（一）形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成。（見書后語法P93）
寫出下列詞的比較級和最高級：tall fine
big thin fat
easy funny fun
beautiful outgoing
good badly
much little
far
（二）形容詞、副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法：
1 不跟誰比較用原級 He is very tall. 他個子很高。這種用法中，形容詞和副詞前一般有very, quite, so, too等修飾。
鞋子太大了。___________________________________
2 兩者比較用“比較級+than”
He is cleverer than me. 他比我聰明。
English is more interesting than Chinese.
他比我胖。_________________________________________
物理比數學有趣。__________________________________________
物理跟數學比，哪個更難？______ is ______ ______ , physics ______ math?
3 三者以上的比較用“the +最高級”。同時有表示比較范圍的介詞短語，如：of the three/all；in our class, in China, in the world等。
This ruler is the longest of the three. 三把尺子中這一把最長。
Who is the heaviest, Peter, Tom or Mike? 彼得、湯姆和邁克誰最胖？
我們班上他的個子最高。____________________________________________
所有學科中英語最難。_________________________________________
汽車、火車和飛機哪個跑的最快？飛機。
_____________________________________________________________? The plane.
4 平級比較用(1)“as +原級+as”表示甲在某方面與乙相同；（2）“not as(so) +原級+as”表示甲在某方面不及乙。
數學跟物理同樣有趣。Math is as interesting as physics.
他聽講跟安一樣認真。He listens to the teacher as carefully as Ann.
我籃球沒他打得好。I don’t play basketball as/so well as he does/ him.
我跟他一樣高。_________________________________________________
他寫的跟我一樣認真。___________________________________________
數學沒有物理有趣。___________________________________________
他唱得沒我好聽。__________________________________________________
（三）級別轉換
1 最高級與比較級的轉換
長江是中國最長的河流。The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
= The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
= The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
數學是最有趣的學科。(1)_____________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________________________
他是我們班上個子最高的學生。（1）________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________
2 比較級與比較級的轉換
I’m taller than he. = He is shorter than me.
English is more interesting than Chinese.=Chinese is less interesting than English.
這把尺子比那把尺子長。（1）____________________________________________
（2）______________________________________________________
他比我外向。（1）________________________________________________
（2）___________________________________________________
3 比較級與平級的轉換
I’m taller than he. = He is not as(so) tall as me.
This seat is more comfortable than that one. =That seat is not as (so) comfortable as this one.
八上英語學案導學Unit 6 (續) (9)
英語比物理有趣。（1）___________________________________________
（2）________________________________________________________
數學比語文容易。（1）_____________________________________________
（2）___________________________________________________
（四）要注意的幾個問題
1 比較級前的修飾語：much/a lot, a little/a bit, even(甚至，還要), still, far(同much)
湯姆甚至比以前更年輕 ______________________________________________
這輛火車比那輛跑地快得多。__________________________________________
她開車仍然比她丈夫還認真
2 “比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
他變得越來越高了 ________________________________________________
花兒越來越漂亮 _____________________________________________
3 “the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越……，越……”。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越認真，犯的錯誤越少。
你吃的越多，長的越胖。__________________________________________
你學習越用功，成績就越好。________________________________________
多多益善 ________________________________________________
4 比較對象 在比較級的句子中，如果前后兩個比較對象指的是同一類事物（人），為避免重復，后一個比較對象用that（代替單數或不可數名詞）和those（代替復數名詞）
The weather in Beijing is colder than that (the weather) in Guangzhou.
北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷。
The students in this class are taller than those (the students) in that class.
這個班的學生比那個班的學生個子高。
翻譯：這個杯子里的水比那個杯子里的水熱。________________________________________
廣州的蔬菜比湖北的蔬菜貴。_________________________________________________
另外，所有關系的比較，后一個比較對象用名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格
My ruler is longer than hers. 我的尺子比她的尺子長。
我們的教室比他們的教室明亮（bright）。______________________________________________
他的房間比你的房間大。___________________________________________________________
我的尺子比邁克的長。____________________________________________________
練習題
（一） 寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
brightly______ -_____ badly _____ _______ far____ _____
quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________
（二）選擇填空
( )1 I think English is as _____ as math.
A importanter B important C more important D most important
( )2 Mother gets up _____ in my family. A early B earlier C earliest D the earlier
( )3 The next morning Jenny got up even ______.
A early B earlier C earliest D the earliest
( )4 Emily sings ______ of the five girls. A good B well C better D best
( )5 In fact, Delia is a little _____ than her elder sister.
A tall B taller C tallest D the tallest
( )6 Heidi does not jump so _____ as Jane. A high B higher C highest D the highest
( )7 Of all the stars the sun is ______ to us. A close B closer C closest D the closest
( )8 Barbara felt much ______ than before after dark.
A cold B colder C coldest D the coldest
( )9 This jacket is smaller than that one but it’s _____
A expensive B more expensive C most expensive D the most expensive
( )10 Our country is becoming ______. A stronger and stronger B more and more strong C more stronger and more stronger D more strong and more strong
( )11 The Changjiang River is one of _____ rivers in the world.
A great B greater C greatest D the greatest
( )12 His English is very good, but his brother’s is ______ better.
A very B more C even D ever
( )13 Tom is more careful than any _____ in his class. A boy B other boys C boys D other boy
( )14Which does Jimmy like ,Chinese or Art?
A. well B. best C. better D. much
( )15 The Changjiang River is one of in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
( )16 of the two women is Mrs Brown.
A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C.More beautiful D. The most beautiful
( )17 There is paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little
( )18 The pen is than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper
( )19 Tom speaks Chinese better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much
( )20 There are girls in Class Two than in Class Four. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best
( )21 It’s too for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest
( )22 Who has apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most
( )23 You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .
A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your
( )24 Tingting is than Meimei, but Meimei is than Tingting.
A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger
( )25 My mooncake is nicer his. A. like B. with C. for D. than
( )26 You are fatter than . A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall
( )27 He jumps of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest
( )28 My hair is longer than . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D. Lucys’
( )29 Mother is in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy
( )30 She is than me at drawings. A. better B. best C. good D. harder
( )31 -This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a one?
A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest
（三）同義轉換
1 He is the tallest student in his class.
= He is ______ ______ ______ ______ student in his class.
= He is ______ ______ ______ ______ students in his class.
2 Peter draws well, Li Lei draws better. = Li Lei draws ______ ______ of the two.
3 The bike goes more slowly than the car. = The car goes ______ than the bike.
4 His book is more interesting than the twins’.
= His book is ______ ______ ______ of the three.
5 His brother draws better than him. = He doesn’t ______ ______ ______ ______ his brother.
6 If you study harder, you’ll get better grades.
= ______ ______ you study, ______ ______ ______ you’ll get.
7 This shirt is more expensive than that one.= That shirt is ______ ______ than this one.
Section A
1 Thank you for your last letter. 謝謝你上次寫來的信。last adj. 最后的，剛過去的
姓_______________ 世界末日________________
上一次____________ 去年________________ 昨晚______________ 上個周________________
2 Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying. 這些是我和我的雙胞胎姐姐劉英的照片。
Here is/ are……是個倒裝句。可根據不同情況翻譯成不同的中文，“這里有。。。。。。；這些是。。。。。。”
這里有兩只鉛筆。_________________________________
這是你們的書。______________________________
3 As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.
正如你所看到的，在某些方面，我們長的一樣，在某些方面，我們長的不一樣。
as 介詞，正如，就像
眾所周知，地球是圓的。_____________________, the earth is round.
look the same 看上去相同，長的一樣；look different 看上去不同，長的不一樣
4 …….although my hair is shorter than hers. 雖然我的頭發比她的頭發短。前面已經講過，在比較級的句子中，前一個比較對象如有形容詞性物主代詞修飾，后一個比較對象就用名詞性物主代詞。
她的背包比你的重。_____________________________________________
5 We both enjoy going to parties. 我們兩個都喜歡參加聚會。enjoy doing sth, 相當于like doing/ to do sth. 意思是，“喜歡干某事”，但enjoy后只能跟v—ing形式。
學生們正在欣賞音樂。The students are ______ ______ to music.
6 She’s a little more outgoing than me/I am. 她比我外向一點。 根據英文的表達習慣，在比較級的句子中，than的后面應該跟“賓格”或“主格+be/助動詞/情態動詞等”。
他比我個高。He is ______ than ______/ ______ ______.
我籃球打得比他好。I play basketball ______ than ______/ ______ ______.
7 My friend is the same as me. 我朋友跟我一樣。be the same as……與。。。。。。相同；反義說法：_____________________________
我年齡（age）跟他一樣大。I’m ______ ______ ______ ______ him.
他跟別人不一樣。________________________________________
Section B
8 makes me laugh 使我發笑。同let一樣，make后也要跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。
Let sb do sth 讓某人干某事；make sb do sth 使（強迫）某人干某事
（1）能讓我幫你嗎？Can you ______ ______ ______ you?
（2）放學后，老師把他留在教室里。The teacher ______ ______ ______ in the classroom ______ school.
9 Maria and her best friend are both tall. 瑪利亞和她的最要好的朋友兩個人個子都很高。
both 在句中放在be動詞或情態動詞后，實意動詞前。
他們兩個都住這兒。_____________________________________
他們兩個都會游泳。___________________________________
10 What’s your opinion? 你是什么意見？你有什么看法？opinion n. 意見，看法，主張
11 We asked some people what they think and this is what they said. 我們問了一些人他們的想法，這就是他們說的。 句中含有兩個what 引導的名詞性從句。
老師對他做的事很生氣。The teacher is angry with ______ ______ ______.
你相信你聽到的事嗎？Do you believe ______ _______ ______?
12 I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜歡和我一樣的朋友。
I like to have friends who are different from me. 我喜歡和我不一樣的朋友。
兩句中均含有who引導的定語從句，修飾friends。
第一句中，be like 相像。
他跟他父親很像。_________________________________________
13 There are some differences, though. 但是，也有不同的地方。different adj. 不同的，差異的； difference n.區別，差異。為可數名詞。
though 雖然，盡管，但是。用于句末，意思是“但是”。
用different/ difference填空：
The twins look ______
Can you tell the ______ between the twins?
He is ______ from his brother?
Are there any ______ between you and your brother?
14 I’m smarter than Yuan Li. 我比袁麗聰明（漂亮）。smart adj. 時髦的，漂亮的，聰明的，整潔的。
她顯得很漂亮。_____________________________
我喜歡整潔。_________________________________
15 It’s not necessary to be the same. （朋友之間）沒必要處處都一樣。
該句所用句式，It is +adj.+to do sth. 其中，it為______主語，不定式to do sth為______ 主語。
我們有必要學好各門功課。______________________________________________ all subjects.
他有必要每天打掃房間。_________________________________________________ every day.
16 He always beats me in tennis. 打網球他總是贏我。beat v. 戰勝，打敗
昨天的籃球比賽我們戰勝了二班。We ______ ______ ______ yesterday’s basketball ______.
17 I don’t really care. 我并不真的在乎（朋友之間的異同）。
我不在乎他說的話。I don’t ______ ______ he _______.
你在乎你聽到的那件事嗎？______ you ______ ______ you ______?
18 I don’t think differences are important in a friendship. 我認為區別在朋友間的友誼中不重要。
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